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User:AchalOza

2008-01-25T15:27:44Z

AchalOza:

[http://www.achaloza.com/ '''Achal Oza''']<br />
''Research Assistant to Professor Hylton''<br />
oza [at] bu.edu<br />

J.D. Candidate, [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law]<br />
M.S. in Computer Systems Engineering, [http://www.coe.neu.edu/Research/velab/ Northeastern University]<br />
B.S. in Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, [http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/ University of California-Berkeley]

Malta

2008-01-25T15:23:39Z

AchalOza:

Malta's competition act was enacted in 1995. This act did not cover mergers. Malta enacted a separate set of regulations covering mergers in 2003. Subsequently, Malta amended the 1995 competition act in 2004 to include certain exemptions. These exemptions do not affect their scoring in this report.

*Malta (May, 14, 2004)<ref>The 2004 amendments cover certain exemptions which do not affect the scoring in this report.</ref>
*[[Malta (January 1, 2003)]]
*[[Malta (February 1, 1995)]]

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T17:43:43Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD).</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157).</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

''All currency conversions used the [http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory Oanda.com FXHistory] website to determine historical currency exchange rates.''

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T17:40:16Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD).</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157).</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

''All currency conversions used the [http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory Oanda.com FXHistory] website to determine historical currency exchange rates.''

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T17:39:27Z

AchalOza: /* Notes */

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD).</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157).</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T17:38:12Z

AchalOza: /* Notes */

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD).</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157).</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

== Notes ==
* All currency conversions used the [http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory Oanda.com FXHistory] website to determine historical currency exchange rates.
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T16:19:52Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD).</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157).</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T16:14:33Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=7%2F02%2F05&date=7%2F02%2F05&date_fmt=us&exch=AUD&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&format=HTML&redirected=1</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD).</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650). http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?user=printable&exch=EUR&value=1&expr=USD&date_fmt=us&margin_fixed=0&date=07/02/03&lang=en</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157). http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?user=printable&exch=INR&value=1&expr=USD&date_fmt=us&margin_fixed=0&date=07/02/03&lang=en</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

== Notes ==
<references />

Competition Enforcement Budgets

2008-01-10T16:04:27Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Country !! 2002 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2002 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2003 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2004 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2004 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2005 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2006 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref> !! 2007 Annual Budget (USD)<ref>Unless otherwise specified, all data for this column is from Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies.</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Albania
|
| N/A<ref>Budget varies according to how much funding is required for other departments within the Albanian Government.</ref>
| $231,230 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=7%2F02%2F04&date=7%2F02%2F04&date_fmt=us&exch=EUR&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&format=HTML&redirected=1</ref>
|
|
|

|-
| Algeria
|
| $1,518,300
|
|
|
|

|-
| Argentina
|
| $200,000
| $735,271<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $720,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $766,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Armenia
|
| $126,740
|
| $194,499
| $331,913
| $470,586

|-
| Australia
|
| $38,000,000<ref>For the financial year 2002/2003.</ref>
|
| $92,473,920<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2004 to 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 123,200,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 AUD = 0.75060 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=7%2F02%2F05&date=7%2F02%2F05&date_fmt=us&exch=AUD&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&format=HTML&redirected=1</ref>
| $73,785,000<ref>ACCC's total funding for the financial year from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2006.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 99,254,000 AUD as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 AUD = 0.74340 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=07%2F02%2F06&date=07%2F02%2F06&date_fmt=us&exch=AUD&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&&&format=ASCII&redirected=1</ref>
|

|-
| Austria
|
| $1,000,000<ref>Not the final amount, does not include budget of Cartel Court.</ref>
|
| $1,691,066<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,415,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD). Data from www.oanda.com.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Barbados
|
|
|
|
|
| $2,000,000

|-
| Belgium
|
| $180,000
|
| $206,752<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €173,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $243,124<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $243,000<ref>Housing, equipment and wages are not included, but are paid for by the federal budget.</ref><ref>Converted from €190,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 Eurp = 1.27960 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=07%2F02%2F06&date=07%2F02%2F06&date_fmt=us&exch=EUR&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&format=HTML&redirected=1</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| $5,625,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref><ref>Amount does not include salaries, expenditure on which is allocated through other entities of the Federal Government.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $6,995,624<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (2005), the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice (2005) and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance (2004).</ref>
| $7,137,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>
| $7,460,000<ref>Sum total of the budgets for the Administrative Council for Economic Defense, the Secretariat of Economic Law of the Ministry of Justice and the Secretariat of Economic Surveillance of the Ministry of Finance.</ref>

|-
| Bulgaria
|
| $682,570
| $704,682<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $1,610,520<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Canada
|
| $28,800,000<ref>Bureau had an annual operating budget of $21.3 million. In addition, $7.5 million in temporary funding adjustment was provided for additional operational requirements.</ref>
| $27,790,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>For the 2003-2004 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 CAD = 0.75110 USD).</ref>
| $36,256,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CA$45,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CAD = 0.80570 USD).</ref>
| $49,000,000
| $40,400,000

|-
| Chile
|
| $1,950,000
|
| $3,125,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $3,560,000

|-
| Colombia
|
| $6,996,800
| $7,886,211<ref>The 2004 budget is based on Law Decree 3787 of 2003.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Croatia
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
|
| $567,222
|
| $1,037,176<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €867,857 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $1,249,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from C£560,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CYP = 2.23120 USD). http://www.oanda.com/convert/fxhistory?lang=en&date1=07%2F02%2F06&date=07%2F02%2F06&date_fmt=us&exch=CYP&exch2=&expr=USD&expr2=&margin_fixed=0&&SUBMIT=Get+Table&format=HTML&redirected=1</ref>
|

|-
| Czech Republic
|
| $2,059,715
|
| $2,944,660<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 70 million which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 73,801,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CZK = 0.03990 USD).</ref>
| $4,288,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Does not include CSK 33,837,000 which was specifically budgeted for acquiring a new seat of the Office.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CZK 95,502,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CZK = 0.04490 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Denmark
| $8,300,000<ref>Danish Competition Authority also deals with cases involving Public Procurement, State Aid and Energy Regulation–amount listed is for the part dealing with competition cases.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $6,800,000
|
| $5,968,200<ref>The Competition Authority's total budget is DKK 61 million. The budget for the competition part alone is DKK 34.8 million.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 34,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 DKK = 0.17150 USD).</ref>
| $13,424,220<ref>The Competition Authority deals with cases under the Competition Act, but also with cases involving public procurement, state aid and energy regulation. The Competition Authority's total budget is 108.7 million Danish kroner. The budget for the competition part alone is 73.8 million Danish kroner.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from DKK 73,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 DKK = 0.18190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Estonia
|
| $711,200
|
| $717,822<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 9,400,000 (about €6000,000 [sic]) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EEK = 0.0763640 USD).</ref>
| $833,993<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 10,200,000 (about €644,265) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EEK = 0.0817640 USD).</ref>
| $969,438<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from EEK 11,200,000 (about €704,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EEK = 0.0865570 USD).</ref>

|-
| European Union
|
| $63,670,000
|
| $107,559,000<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €90,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $123,737,320<ref>This amount covers all areas of the European Commission Competition Directorate General (therefore including antitrust, merger control and state aid control).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €96,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Finland
| $781,636<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $807,410
| $5,705,296<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,688,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $6,398,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $6,850,212<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,057,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 200# (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| France
|
| $79,501,405<ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget ($10.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget ($69,001,405).</ref>
| $10,344,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $10,158,350<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Council's budget and does not include the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $31,862,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents the sum of the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget (€13.5 million) and the Competition Council's budget (€11.4 million).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €24,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,964,400<ref>This figure only represents the antitrust portion of the DGCCRF budget and does not include the Competition Council's budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Germany
| $17,393,760<ref>Converted from 15.04 million Euros as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Euro = US$1.15650). http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?user=printable&exch=EUR&value=1&expr=USD&date_fmt=us&margin_fixed=0&date=07/02/03&lang=en</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $21,906,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €18,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
| $20,316,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €17,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.19510 USD).</ref>
| $21,369,320<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competit €16,700,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Greece
|
| $4,598,000
| $17,912,746<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,718,772 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.2170 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,302,422<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €11,177,260 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.27960 USD).</ref>
| $18,126,064<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €13,381,119 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.35460 USD).</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
|
|
|
| $34,000,000
|
|

|-
| Hungary
|
|
|
| $6,690,945<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUFI 1,381,000,000 (approx. €5,600,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 HUF = 0.0048450 USD).</ref>
| $7,009,225<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from HUF 1,549,000,000 (approx. €6,100,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 HUF = 0.0045250 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Iceland
|
| $1,960,000
| $2,600,000
|
|

|-
| India
|
| $1,078,500<ref>Converted from 50 million Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 Indian Rupee = US$0.02157). http://www.oanda.com/convert/classic?user=printable&exch=INR&value=1&expr=USD&date_fmt=us&margin_fixed=0&date=07/02/03&lang=en</ref>
|
| $1,151,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 INR = 0.023030 USD).</ref>
| $1,091,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 50,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 INR = 0.021830 USD).</ref>
| $736,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 30,000,000 Indian rupees as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 INR = 0.024550 USD).</ref>

|-
| Indonesia
|
| $2,800,000
| $2,700,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $2,555,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from 25,000,000,000 Rupiah as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 IDR = 0.00010220 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Ireland
|
| $4,260,000
|
| $4,260,000
| $7,357,700<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €5,750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $8,263,060<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,100,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Israel
|
| $4,459,267
|
| $4,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $4,800,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Italy
|
| $32,000,000
|
| $32,000,000
| $25,000,000
| $55,000,000

|-
| Jamaica
|
| $596,000
|
| $672,000
| $663,795<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 JMD = 0.016390 USD).</ref>
| $590,895<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from between J$39,000,000 and J$42,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 JMD = 0.014590 USD).</ref>

|-
| Japan
|
| $51,900,000
| $74,500,000
|
| $69,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Jersey
|
|
|
| $1,414,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
|
|

|-
| Kenya
|
| $320,000
|
| $320,000
| $600,000
| $600,000

|-
| Korea
|
| $22,500,000
|
| $29,000,000<ref>The source material indicated a budget of $2,900,000. This was most likely a typo based on previous and subsequent budgets.</ref>
| $38,000,000
| $42,000,000

|-
| Latvia
| $3,480,000 <ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $712,395<ref>Global Competition Review 2005) Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 384,227 (approx. €570,070) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LVL = 1.85410 USD).</ref>
| $872,232<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 508,412 (approx. €723,405) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LVL = 1.71560 USD).</ref>
| $1,887,777<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LVL 1,024,796 (approx. €1,458,162) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LVL = 1.84210 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Lithuania
|
| $796,660
| $1,260,073<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,575,000 (or €1,035,391) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 LTL = 0.3524680 USD).</ref>
| $1,190,670<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,440,000 (or €996,292) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 LTL = 0.3461250 USD).</ref>
| $1,311,917<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,540,000 (or €1,026,086) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 LTL = 0.3705980 USD).</ref>
| $1,428,052<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from LTL 3,640,000 (or €1,054,217) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 LTL = 0.3923220 USD).</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Competition Commission does not have a specific budget.</ref>
| $191,940<ref>€150,000 budget for the Competition Council and €34,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €184,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $237,055<ref>€175,000 budget for the Competition Council and €31,600 budget for the Competition Inspectorate.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €206,600 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Macedonia
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>Monopoly Authority is a body within the Ministry of Economy and has no separate budget.</ref>
| $241,716 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €188,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $415,727<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €306,900 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Malta
|
| $39,062
|
| $39,062
| $44,786<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $47,411<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €35,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Mexico
|
| $14,000,000
| $13,400,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $15,000,000
| $15,000,000

|-
| Netherlands
|
| $22,000,000<ref>Total budget of $34 million of which competition departments (minus the Office of Energy Regulation) accounts for approximately $22 million.</ref>
|
| $43,262,620<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €36,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $51,951,760<ref>Including the budgets for the Office of Energy Regulation and Office of Transport Regulation.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €40,600,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| New Zealand
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,150,000
|
| $11,732,120<ref>For the 2004-2005 year.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$17,200,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NZD = 0.68210 USD).</ref>
| $14,264,640<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 NZD = 0.60960 USD).</ref>
| $18,397,400<ref>For the year July 2006 to June 2007.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NZ$23,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NZD = 0.7730 USD).</ref>

|-
| Niger
|
| N/A<ref>Agency uses money from the state budget, which changes from year to year.</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Norway
| $9,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $9,340,500<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 65,000,000 (€8,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 NOK = 0.14370 USD).</ref>
| $11,544,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 76,000,000 (€9,500,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 NOK = 0.15190 USD).</ref>
|
| $14,093,400<ref>Of this budget, 5 million Norwegian kroner is the budget for the Secretariat for the Public Procurement Complaints Committee.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from NOK 83,000,000 (about €10,000,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 NOK = 0.16980 USD).</ref>

|-
| Pakistan
|
| $508,000
|
| $508,000
| $615,680<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 37,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 PKR = 0.016640 USD).</ref>
| $740,544<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PKR 44,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PKR = 0.016530 USD).</ref>

|-
| Panama
|
| $900,000<ref>Figure is only an estimate given wage and associated administrative disbursements of the Commissioners and officials working on competition issues. Total budget is around $3.7 million, due to institution having other responsibilities such as consumer affairs and international trade (protective measures and unfair trade practices).</ref>
|
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.7 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $900,000<ref>Overall budget is around $3.9 million, as the institution has other issues and responsibilities, such as consumer affairs and international trade.</ref>
| $613,000<ref>Overall budget $5,100,000, however the budget for the National Directorate of Free Competition is $613,000.</ref>

|-
| Peru
|
| $10,000,000
| $10,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $10,000,000
|
| $14,100,000

|-
| Philippines
|
| $179,200
|
| $201,936
| $199,456
| $291,532<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>

|-
| Poland
| $3,454,117<ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $5,303,312<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $6,341,004<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
| $9,722,553<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from PLN 27,013,170 (or €6,908,739) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 PLN = 0.3599190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Portugal
|
| N/A<ref>Currently undergoing comprehensive reform both at institutional and substantive and procedural levels.</ref>
|
| $9,321,780<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,800,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $9,597,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €7,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Romania
|
| $1,652,709
| $5,963,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €4,900,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $7,588,885<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €6,350,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $12,156,200<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €9,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $20,996,300<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Russia
|
| $13,000,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $12,500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $18,383,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $21,140,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|

|-
| Senegal
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>
| N/A<ref>An enforcement agency exists, however the budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Serbia
|
| $80,000<ref>Serbia & Montenegro</ref>
|
| N/A<ref>The existing department is within the Republic of Serbia Ministry of Trade, Tourism, and Services and does not have its own budget.</ref>
| $742,168 <ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,354,600<ref>The activities of the Commission are not financed by funds from the budget of the Republic of Serbia but by its own realized funds. Pursuant to is financial plan, the project annual budget amounts to approximately €1,000,000.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Singapore
|
| N/A<ref>Singapore takes a sectoral approach to competition law with sector-specific competition frameworks.</ref>
|
|
|
| $7,844,400<ref>Estimated budget for year 2007-2008.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from S$12,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SGD = 0.65370 USD).</ref>

|-
| Slovakia
|
| $1,115,337
|
| $1,419,779<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,188,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $2,001,806<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €1,564,400 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Slovenia
|
| $428,578
| $641,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SIT 125,000,000 (or about €520,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 SIT = 0.0051280 USD).</ref>
|
| $927,710<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €725,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $1,015,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €750,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| $879,821<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure represents only the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 8,780,651 and does not include the Competition Commission, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 8,780,651 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2002 (1 ZAR = 0.10020 USD).</ref>
| $8,120,454<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 51,000,000 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 9,240,755</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 60,240,755 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2003 (1 ZAR = 0.13480 USD).</ref>
| $1,875,250<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 11,540,000 and does not include the Competition Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 11,540,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 ZAR = 0.16250 USD).</ref>
| $10,707,953<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 73,141,757 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 73,141,757 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 ZAR = 0.14640 USD).</ref>
| $12,915,191<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and Competition Tribunal budget of ZAR 16,576,209</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 91,923,067 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 ZAR = 0.14050 USD).</ref>
| $10,774,601<ref>This figure represents only the Competition Commission budget of ZAR 75,346,858 and does not include the Competition Tribunal budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from ZAR 75,346,858 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 ZAR = 0.1430 USD).</ref>

|-
| Spain
|
| $7,576,492<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $2,700,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of $4,876,492</ref>
| $3,468,450<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>This figure only represents the Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,850,000 and does not include the Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,850,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 EUR = 1.217 USD).</ref>
| $9,737,950<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,248,230</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,148,230 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $10,792,799<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €2,900,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,534,510</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,434,510 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
| $12,154,826<ref>Sum of Servicio de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €3,090,000 and Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia budget of €5,883,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €8,973,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 EUR = 1.3546 USD).</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
|
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
| N/A<ref>Fair Trading Commission and Department of Internal Trade are going through a transitional period.</ref>
|
|

|-
| Sweden
|
| $9,000,000
|
| $12,300,000
| $10,700,000
| $13,508,880<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from SEK 92,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 SEK = 0.14620 USD).</ref>

|-
| Switzerland
|
| $4,500,000
|
| $5,395,600<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 CHF = 0.77080 USD).</ref>
| $5,726,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 CHF = 0.8180 USD).</ref>
| $5,733,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from CHF 7,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2007 (1 CHF = 0.8190 USD).</ref>

|-
| Taiwan
|
|
| $10,440,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $10,255,000
| $10,596,000

|-
| Thailand
|
|
|
|
|
| $1,500,000

|-
| Turkey
|
| $60,000,000<ref>Annual Report On Competition Policy Developments in Turkey 2003. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/37/20/34722510.pdf</ref><ref>The Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies lists the budget as 109 million TL, which is most likely an error.</ref>
|
| $16,731,400<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €14,000,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 EUR = 1.1951 USD).</ref>
| $19,833,800<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €15,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| Ukraine
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,085,871<ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from UAH 15,955,900 (or approx. €2,660,000) as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 UAH = 0.19340 USD).</ref>
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget unknown.</ref>
| $3,071,040<ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from €2,400,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 EUR = 1.2796 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United Kingdom
| $101,682,682<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of $21.5 million and Office of Fair Trading budget of $80,182,682 (the latter is from the 2002-2003 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
| $152,011,750<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £29 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £54.5 million (the latter is from the 2004-2005 budget).</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £83,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2004 (1 GBP = 1.82050 USD).</ref>
| $138,811,550<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £23 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million (the latter is the 2005-2006 budget)</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £78,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2005 (1 GBP = 1.76830 USD).</ref>
| $139,584,400<ref>Sum of Competition Commission budget of £20 million and Office of Fair Trade budget of £55.5 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref><ref>Converted from £75,500,000 as of the currency rate on July 2, 2006 (1 GBP = 1.84880 USD).</ref>
|

|-
| United States
| $131,000,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $131 million and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget.</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2003 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $309,000,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $133 million and Federal Trade Commission budget of $176 million.</ref>
|
| $336,000,000<ref>Sum of Federal Trade Commission budget of $200 million and Antitrust Division budget of $136 million</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2006 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $347,451,000<ref>Sum of Antitrust Division budget of $144,451,000 and Federal Trade Commission budget of $203,000,000</ref><ref>Global Competition Review 2007 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
| $147,819,000<ref>Represents only Antitrust Division budget of $147,819,000 and does not include Federal Trade Commission budget, which was unavailable at the time of this report.</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| $500,000
| $500,000<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|
|

|-
| Venezuela
|
|
|
| $1,119,792
|
| N/A<ref>Enforcement agency exists, but budget could not be found.</ref>

|-
| Zambia
|
| $200,000
|
| $300,000
| $300,000
| $360,000

|-
| Zimbabwe
|
| $2,181,818
| $2,883,495<ref>Global Competition Review 2005 Handbook of Competition Enforcement Agencies</ref>
|
|
|

|}

== Notes ==
<references />

Predatory Pricing Report

2007-11-03T20:01:24Z

AchalOza:

{| class="wikitable"

|-
! Country
! Predatory Pricing Prohibition
! Comment

|-
| Albania
| 1
| Art. 9(2)(d) of Law No. 9121, dated July 28, 2003 on Competition Protection prohibits "the undercutting of prices or other conditions which have as their object or effect the prevention of entry or the expulsion from the market for specific competitor(s) or one of their products . . . ."

|-
| Algeria
| 1
| Section 3(16) of the OECD report on Competition Law and Policy in Algeria indicates they prohibit predatory pricing.<ref>http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/50/26369606.pdf</ref>

|-
| Angola
|0
|

|-
| Argentina
| 0
|

|-
| Armenia
| 0
|

|-
| Australia
| 1
| "Predatory pricing is unlawful under s. 46(1) of the Trade Practices Act." <ref> Australian Competition and Consumer Commission web site, http://www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/322986/fromItemId/3669</ref>

|-
| Austria
| 1
| §31(1)(5) of the Federal Act of 19 October 1988 on Cartels and other Restrictive Trade Practices prohibits the sale of goods below cost price when it cannot be justified on material grounds.

|-
| Azerbaijan
| 0
|

|-
| Bangladesh
| 0
| ''Bangladesh has no competition law in force.''

|-
| Barbados
| 1
| Article 16(3)(d) of the Fair Competition Act (2002) prohibits enterprise actions which "directly or indirectly imposes unfair purchase or selling prices that are excessive, unreasonable, discriminatory or '''predatory''' ..."<ref>http://www.commerce.gov.bb/Legislation/Documents/Fair%20Competition%20Act,%20Cap%20326C.pdf</ref>

|-
| Belarus
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits "fixing or maintaining prices <b>(underpinning the market)</b> for deriving monopolistic high profit or removal of competitors ..."<ref>http://law.by/work/EnglPortal.nsf/6e1a652fbefce34ac2256d910056d559/4dd2237ccbd3b4e6c2256dc1002932c6?OpenDocument</ref><ref>World Bank, Competition Law Database, http://go.worldbank.org/SMDO288DV0</ref>

|-
| Belgium
| 1
| Articles 40-41 of The Commercial Practices Act of July 14, 1991 forbid reselling products at a loss.<ref>Competition Law in the EU (p. I-518)</ref>

|-
| Bolivia
| 0
|

|-
| Bosnia-Herzegovina
| 1
| ''Act on Competition of 2005'' is supplemented by the '''Regulation on Definition of a Dominant Posision of 2006'''. Article 9(c) of this by-law prohibits "fixing a price of the product or service below the production costs with the view to eliminate the competitors."<ref>http://www.bihkonk.gov.ba/en/laws/low_on_competition_new.pdf</ref>

|-
| Brazil
| 1
| Article 21(18) of Law # 8884 OF JUNE 11, 1994 prohibits a dominant from to unreasonably sell products below cost.

|-
| Bulgaria
| 0
|

|-
| Burkina Faso
| 0
|

|-
| Canada
| 1
| Section 50(1)(c) of Competition Act of August 23, 2000 prohibits engaging in "a policy of selling products at prices unreasonably low, having the effect or tendency of substantially lessening competition or eliminating a competitor."

|-
| Cambodia
| 0
|

|-
| Cameroon
| 0
|

|-
| Chile
| 1
| The Antitrust Commission has fined firms for engaging in predatory pricing.<ref>Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, Competition Law and Policy in Chile, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/53/24955980.pdf and Global Competition Review website, http://globalcompetitionreview.com/ara/chile.cfm</ref>

|-
| China
| 1
| Law of the People’s Republic of China for Countering Unfair Competition of September 2, 1993 states that "an operator shall not sell its or his goods at a price that is below the cost for the purpose of excluding its or his competitors."

|-
| Colombia
| 0
|

|-
| Costa Rica
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Cote d'Ivoire
| 0
| Article 24 of Law No. 91-999 of December 27, 1991 on Competition prohibits loss leader selling, but not predatory pricing. <ref>Report on United Nations Conference on Trade and development of 24 November 1997, available at, http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/c2emd11.pdf</ref>

|-
| Croatia
| 0
| No evidence was found of a predatory pricing provision in the Competition Act of July 15, 2003. The Croatian Law on the Protection of Market Competition of July 14, 1995 did prohibit predatory pricing, however. <ref> USAID Croatia Commercial Law Assessment Report, March 2002, http://www.bizlawreform.com/country_assess/Croatia%20Assessment.pdf.</ref>

|-
| Cyprus
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Czech Republic
| 1
| §11(1)(e) of the Consolidated Act on the Protection of Competition, ACT No. 143/2001 Coll. of April 4 2001, prohibits by a Dominant firm "consistent offer and sale of goods for unfairly low prices, which results or may result in distortion of competition." <ref>http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/c2clp50_en.pdf</ref>

|-
| Denmark
| 1
| The Danish Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Supervision Act of 1955 forbids predatory pricing.<ref>Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development report, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/54/2375661.pdf (p. 33)</ref>

|-
| Dominican Republic
| 0
|

|-
| Ecuador
| 0
|

|-
| Egypt
| 1
| Article 8(h) of the Law on the Protection of Competition and the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices prohibits selling products below their marginal cost or average variable cost.

|-
| El Salvador
| 1
| Article 30(c) - "The systematic reduction of prices, below the cost price, with the purpose of eliminating one or several competitors, or impeding the entry or expansion of the same."<ref>http://www.minec.gob.sv/leyes/LeydeCompetencia_english_.pdf</ref>

|-
| Estonia
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| EU Generally<ref>Information for this section has been gleaned from '''The EC law of Competition''' (eds. Jonathan Faull and Ali Nikpay)</ref>
| 1
| Article 82 (formerly Article 86) of the EC Treaty prohibits predatory pricing. The Commission began prosecuting predatory pricing in 1985, in the ''AKZO'' case.<ref>''AKZO'' [1985] OJ L374/1.</ref> This case led to the establishment of a two-pronged test for predatory pricing. A firm was guilty of the offense if it either:
# Sets the price at below average variable cost. This amounts to a per se assumption of abusive behavior.
# Sets the price at below average total cost, but above average variable cost. This is also assumed to be predatory, but requires a specific plan by the firm to eliminate competitors.

|-
| Faroe Island
| 0
|

|-
| Fiji
| 1
| The Commerce Commission "reserves its right to investigate any predatory pricing in breach
of section 37 of the Fair Trading Decree 1992." <ref>Official government sources: http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_7074.shtml; http://www.commcomm.gov.fj/docs/061001-postFijiDetermination.pdf.</ref>

|-
| Finland
| 1
| Article 7(4) of the Act on Competition Restrictions (480/1992) makes, "a pricing practice which is unreasonable or obviously aimed at restricting competition" an abuse of a dominant position.<ref>Competition Law in the EU (p. II-363-64)</ref>

|-
| France
|1
| French Competition Act (Ordinance no. 86-1243 of December 1, 1986 (amended July 9, 1999)
"Article 10-1: Price offers or price practices with respect to consumer sales prices that are abusively low in relation to the costs of production, transformation, and marketing are prohibited, since these offers or practices have as their purpose, or may have as their effect, to eliminate from a market or to prevent access to a market by an enterprise or one of its products."

(Note: This Article has been used only rarely by enforcement agencies.) <ref>Competition Law in the EU (p. I-190)</ref>

|-
| Germany
|1
| Section 20(4) of Act Against Restraints of Competition, as amended August 26 1998, states that dominant firms cannot use their market power to hinder competitors in an "unfair manner," which occurs when a firm "offers goods or services not merely occasionally below its cost price . . . ."<ref>http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/europe/Germany/Act%20Against%20Restrainst%20of%20Competition.pdf</ref>

|-
| Georgia
|0
|

|-
| Greece
| 1
| As of August 3, 2000, Courts have interpreted predatory pricing as an abuse of a dominant position.<ref>Competition Law in the EU, p. 605 (citing Competition Commission Decisions 232/95 P.Lambropoulos&Co. Priv. Partn.; 264/95 Protoporia Publications Litd.</ref>

|-
| Greenland
|0
|

|-
| Guatemala
| 1
| Article 341 of the Criminal Code, Decree No. 17-73, prohibits "the sale of goods of any kind at a price below their cost, in order to prevent free competition in the domestic market."<ref>FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

|-
| Guyana
|0
|

|-
| Honduras
| 0
| <ref>http://www.ustr.gov/assets/Document_Library/Reports_Publications/2005/2005_NTE_Report/asset_upload_file731_7472.pdf</ref>

|-
| Hong Kong
| 1
| Article 7(a) of The Competition Policy Advisory Group Statement on Competition Policy, May 1998 lists predatory pricing as an example of an abuse of a dominant position.

|-
| Hungary
| 1
| Article 21(h) of Act LVII of 1996 on the Prohibition of Unfair and Restrictive Market Practices as amended, effective November 1, 2005 makes it prohibited to "set extremely low prices which are not based on greater efficiency in comparison with that of competitors and which are likely to drive out competitors from the relevant market or to hinder their market entry[.]" The prohibition on predatory pricing, however, can be traced back to the original draft of the Act, as entered into force January 1 1997.<ref>ANNUAL REPORT ON COMPETITION LAW AND POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN HUNGARY at p. 5, published by the Hungarian Comeptition Authority, 1998. Viewable at www.gvh.hu/domain2/files/modules/module25/pdf/GVH_OGy_beszamolo_1997_a.pdf</ref>

|-
| Iceland
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing was found in the statute. Moreover, predatory pricing has been reported as an ongoing practice by certain firms.<ref>http://www.icelandexpress.com/about_us/press/2004/ice_wars_icelandairs_dirty_trick_campaign_takes_a_different_turn/</ref>

|-
| India
| 1
| Section 4(2)(ii) of the The Competition Act, 2002, No. 12 of 2003 prohibits predatory pricing.

|-
| Indonesia
| 1
| Article 21 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 has been interpreted to forbid dominant firms from imposing predatory pricing.<ref>East Asia Competition Policy Forum reports, http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/01/indonesia_progress_sutrisno.030503.pdf, http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/01/pprs.pdf; Also see United Nation Conference on Trade and Development report of January 29 2002, http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/c2clp25.en.pdf </ref> Article 7 explicitly prohibits predatory pricing agreements between firms.

|-
| Ireland
| 0
| The enforcement agency has investigated an alleged abuse of predatory pricing, but found it did not constitute an abuse and was instead, "intense competition."<ref>http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/50/37028481.pdf, 12</ref>

|-
| Iran
| 0
|

|-
| Israel
| 1
| The Restrictive Trade Practices Law 5748 of 1988 prohibits "excessive or predatory pricing of the product under
a monopoly."<ref>http://www.lexmundi.com/images/lexmundi/PDF/guide_israel.pdf</ref>

|-
| Italy
| 0
| Italy has no prohibition on predatory pricing. However, "it is foreseeable that the same principles set forth in EC law to prohibit predatory price cutting by a dominant undertaking may be applied."<ref>Competition Law in the EU, Vol. 1, 384.</ref>

|-
| Jamaica
| 0
|

|-
| Japan
| 0
|

|-
| Jersey, Channel Islands
| 0
|

|-
| Jordan
| 0
|

|-
| Kazakhstan
| 1
| Article 16(4) of Law No. 144 of 19th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activities prohibits excessively low price setting.

|-
| Kenya
| 1
| Article 10(3)(a) of The Restrictive Trade Practices, Monopolies and Price Control Act of 1990 prohibits selling below average variable cost.

|-
| Kyrgystan
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Lao PDR
| 0
|

|-
| Latvia
| 0
| Latvia has no explicit prohibition on predatory pricing. However, "[p]redatory pricing by definition as a practice aimed at hindrance, restriction or distortion of competition would qualify as an abuse of dominant position.<ref>Dace Silava-Tomsone, Getting the Deal Through – Dominance 2006, http://www.lt-v.lv/pdf/Latvia_dace.pdf</ref>

|-
| Lithuania
| 1
| Lithuania's competition authority includes predatory pricing in its definition of an abuse of a dominant position. This definition is found in a May 17 2000 intra-agency bylaw,<ref>http://www.konkuren.lt/english/antitrust/legislation_resoliution_52.htm</ref> a supplement to their more general competition legislation.<ref>http://www.konkuren.lt/english/antitrust/legislation.htm</ref>

|-
| Luxembourg
| 1
| Below cost selling of goods and services is prohibited under the Act on Commercial Practices, Unfair Competition and Comparative Advertising (July 2002).<ref>http://www.entemp.ie/publications/commerce/2005/groceriesorder/chapter9.pdf</ref>

|-
| Malawi
| 1
| Article 32(2)(a) of the Malawi Competition and Fair Trading Bill of 1998 prohibits predatory pricing.

|-
| Mali
| 1
| Article 17 of Ordonnance N°92-021/P-CTSP Instituant la Liberte des Prix et de la Concurrence, dated April 13, 1992 prohibits predatory pricing.

|-
| Malta
| 1
| Article 9(2)(b) of Chapter 379 Competition Act of February 1 1995 forbids "charg[ing] prices which are below the average variable cost price of a product in order to drive rival competitors out of the market[.]"

|-
| Mauritius
| 1
| Article 11(2)(a) of The Competition Bill N° VI of 2003 prohibits below-cost selling by a dominant firm.

|-
| Macedonia
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Mexico
| 1
| Article 7 of the Regulations of the Federal Law on Economic Competition of March 4, 1998 prohibits price setting below market price.

|-
| Moldova
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Mongolia
| 1
| Article 4(3) of the Law of Mongolia on Prohibiting Unfair Competition prohibits a firm from selling own goods at a price lower than the cost.

|-
| Morocco
| 1
| Article 7 of Dahir no. 1-00-225 of 2 rabil I 1421 promulgating law no. 06-99, concerning freedom of prices and competition, prohibits pricing offers or abusive practices in pricing sales to consumers that are low compared to production costs, distribution costs, and promotion costs, when these offers or practices are meant to or may have the effect of eliminating a market.

|-
| Namibia
| 0
|

|-
| Netherlands
| 0
| Dutch law does not forbid resale at a loss, either. <ref>Competition Law in the EU, Vol. 1, 445.</ref>

|-
| New Zealand
| 1
| Secondary source indicates that New Zealand's general test for predatory pricing is similar to the US, in that they ask, "is there below-cost price cutting with a view to recouping losses without loss of market share by raising prices without fear of reprisals afterwards?"<ref>http://www.luc.edu/law/academics/special/center/antitrust/pdfs/berry_nz_summary.pdf</ref>

|-
| Nicaragua
| 1
| Article 19(h) prohibits predatory pricing.<ref>http://www.dgpsa.gob.ni/biblioteca/biblioteca_archivos/449/Ley%20601.%20Ley%20%20de%20promocion%20de%20la%20competencia..pdf</ref>

|-
| Nigeria
| 0
|

|-
| Norway
| 1
| Though unclear which specific provision it uses, the Norwegin Competition Authority has recently held numerous proceedings for predatory pricing violations.<ref>http://sec.edgar-online.com/2005/04/15/0001156973-05-000475/Section4.asp; http://competition.practicallaw.com/7-201-3648; http://ld.practicallaw.com/4-208-8975</ref>.

|-
| Pakistan
| 0
|

|-
| Panama
| 1
| "Any predatory action taken unilaterally . . . when said action cannot reasonably be expected to generate or increase earnings, but rather to encourage the competitor or potential competitor to stop competing . . . leaving the agent with substantial power or in a monopolistic position . . ."<ref>FTAA - Negotiating Group on Competition Policy Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

|-
| Papua and New Guinea
| 0
|

|-
| Paraguay
| 0
|

|-
| Philippines
| 0
|

|-
| Peru
| 1
| The Competition Policy Commission initiated proceedings for predatory pricing in ''Tabacalera Nacional S.A. against British American Tabacco (South America) Limited – Perú''.<ref>OECD Global Forum on Competition CONTRIBUTION FROM PERU, October 4 2001, http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php?title=Predatory_Pricing_Report&action=edit</ref>

|-
| Poland
| 1
| Article 8(2)(1) of The Act on Protection of Competition and Consumers of December 15 2000 prohibits "direct or indirect imposition of unfair prices, including predatory prices or prices glaringly low."<ref>http://www.konsument.gov.pl/files/ccp_act.pdf</ref>

|-
| Portugal
| 1
| Decree-Law 370/93 of October 29, 1993 (as amended by Decree-Law 140/98 on May 16 1998) forbids selling goods at a price below the actual price of purchase (plus taxes and transportation costs).<ref>Competition Law in the EU (p. I-326)</ref>

|-
| Romania
| 1
| Article 6(f) of The Parliament of Romania Competition Law of 1996 explicitly prohibits predatory pricing.

|-
| Russia
| 1
| Article 7 of Law no. 135 on the Protection of Competition prohibits a dominant firm from setting a price that is lower than the sum of expenses necessary for production and sale of the commodity.

|-
| Saudi Arabia
| 1
| Article 5(1) of the Competition Law of 2004 prohibits "selling a commodity or service at a price below cost, with the intention of forcing competitors out of the market."

|-
| Senegal
| 0
|

|-
| Serbia-Montenegro
| 0
|

|-
| Singapore
| 1
| Singapore authorities have clarified that Article 47(2)(a) of No. 46 Competition Act of 2004 includes prohibition ofpredatory pricing.<ref>http://app.mti.gov.sg/default.asp?id=148&articleID=107; http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN025141.pdf</ref>

|-
| Slovak Republic
| 1
| The Slovak Republic forbids abusive acts by a dominant firm seeking to exclude competition.<ref>136/2001 Coll. ACT of 27 February 2001 on Protection of Competition and on Amendments and Supplements to Act of the Slovak National Council No. 347/1990 Coll. (Article 8(2)(e))</ref> The Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic (their enforcement agency) has used this provision to prosecute temporary predatory pricing of fuels as early as September 26 2001,<ref>Decision No. 2001/DZ/P/2/283 issued by Chairman of the Office on September 26, 2001 (http://www.antimon.gov.sk/eng/article.aspx?c=395&a=2139</ref> but the decision was never given effect, as the defendant discontinued its pricing scheme.

|-
| Slovenia
| 0
| No predatory pricing provision found. Office for Protection of Competition received one complaint of predatory pricing against Produkcija Plus d.o.o. - RTV Slovenia d.o.o. on 2/20/01. However, the complaint was dismissed (Office did not rule on the merits).<ref>http://www.uvk.gov.si/fileadmin/uvk.gov.si/pageuploads/Enforcement_Record_2001.pdf</ref>

|-
| South Africa
| 1
| Section 8(d)(iv) of the South African Competition Act 89 of 1998 prohibits predatory pricing.

|-
| South Korea
| 1
| Secondary source indicates that predatory pricing is prohibited.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=9aSrAg57v-oC&pg=PA362&lpg=PA362&dq=korea+predatory+pricing&source=web&ots=Ha4I_DL5gr&sig=uPTcGF0DqgytzhKgN4wMY9_J0KcDeregulation Deregulation and Interdependence in the Asia-Pacific Region by Anne O. Krueger, Takatoshi Itō]</ref>

|-
| Spain
| 1
| There are two cases where the courts have issued fines for predatory pricing:

1. General Electric Espana[20], December 30 1991, - GE's local affiliate was fined Pta 15 million (~90,000 euros)<ref>TDC Dec. 295/91, or December 30, 1991</ref>

2. Arbora/Ausonia, January 7 1992<ref>TDC Dec. 291/90, January 7, 1992</ref>

Predatory pricing, presumably, is covered by common law because there is no mention of it in the Spanish competition laws.

Note: More recently, Telefónica, a Spanish firm, was fined by £102.6m (€152m) by the EU competition agency.<ref>http://www.computerworlduk.com/management/government-law/legislation/news/index.cfm?newsid=3865</ref>

|-
| Sri Lanka
| 1
| Anti-competitive practices prohibited by the Fair Trading Commission Act No. 1 of 1987 includes predatory pricing.<ref>http://www.lawnet.lk/docs/articles/sri_lankan/HTML/CV39.html</ref>In Ceylon Oxygen Co. Ltd. V. Fair Trading Commission And Another, the Commission considered a predatory pricing complaint.<ref>http://www.lawnet.lk/docs/case_law/slr/HTML/1997SLR2V372.htm</ref>

|-
| Sweden
| 0
| No predatory pricing provision found.

|-
| Switzerland
| 1
| Article 7(2) of the Federal Act on Cartels and Other Restraints of Competition of October 6, 1995 prohibits "the under-cutting of prices or other conditions directed against a specific competitor."

|-
| Taiwan
| 1
| Secondary source indicates that competition law in Taiwan stipulates that enterprises in dominant market positions should not improperly fix, maintain or change the price of the goods and services, and that ''predatory pricing definitely belongs to improperly fixing price''.<ref>http://www.jurist.org.cn/doc/uclaw200512/uclaw20051206.pdf</ref>

|-
| Tajikistan
| 1
| Article 4 prohibits a dominant firm from setting low prices.

|-
| Tanzania
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Thailand
| 1
| Secondary source indicates that predatory pricing is an unfair practice under Thai Guidelines.<ref>http://www.jftc.go.jp/eacpf/05/APECTrainingProgramDecember2004/Kalampakorn_Thai.pdf</ref>

|-
| Tunisia
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Turkey
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| Ukraine
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found.

|-
| United Kingdom
| 1
| Chapter II of the Fair Trading Act of 1973 prohibits predatory pricing. The OFT has published the following guidelines to assess whether pricing schemes are predatory:<ref>Competition Law in the EU (p. II-63)</ref>

{| class="wikitable"

|-
| Price below average variable cost
| Predation can be assumed

|-
| Price below average variable cost but below average total cost
| Evidence on costs may indicate predation but evidence required of intention to eliminate a competitor before predation could be found

|-
| Price above average total costs
| Evidence on costs does not indicate predation

|}

The Competition Act of 1980 is also at the disposal of the Director General of the Office of Free Trade (OFT) for the prohibition of predatory pricing.

|-
| United States
| 0
| Though predatory pricing is formally prohibited, the law in the United States is riddled with exceptions that effectively eliminate the predatory pricing prohibition. The "recoupment test" is a notable example.<ref>See ''Brooke Group Ltd. v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp.'', 509 U.S. 209 (1993)</ref>

|-
| Uruguay
| 1
| Article 3(2)(c) of the Law of the Defense of the Competition prohibits predatory pricing.<ref>See Law of the Defense of the Competition, http://www.sice.oas.org/compol/natleg/Uruguay/dec1503.asp#DECRETO</ref>

|-
| Uzbekistan
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits a firm from setting a monopolistic low price, which is defined as the price of a good consciously set by the undertaking, with dominant position in the market as a seller, at a level bringing the losses from sale of a given good, result of which is or may be the restriction of competition by means of driving the competitors out of the market.

|-
| Venezuela
| 0
| No prohibition on predatory pricing found. Moreover, a secondary source suggests that no such prohibition exists.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=2tsyQFzaj0UC&pg=RA1-PA349&lpg=RA1-PA349&dq=venezuela+predatory+pricing&source=web&ots=lrCQHugr38&sig=gol1a-LNF_pcCwR3vuIkFTIj1Rw</ref>

|-
| Vietnam
| 1
| Secondary source indicates Vietnam prohibits predatory pricing.<ref>http://www.freshfields.com/practice/comptrade/publications/pdf/10388.pdf</ref>

|-
| Zambia
| 1
| Article 7(2)(a) of The Competition and Fair Trading Act (1994) prohibits "predatory behaviour towards competition including the use of cost pricing to eliminate competitors."<ref>The Competition and Fair Trading Act (1994), http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/africa/Zambia/COMPETITION%20anDFAIR%20TRADING%20ACT.PDF</ref>

|-
| Zimbabwe
| 1
| Amendment 14 of 2001 to the The Competition Act of 1996 prohibits "[s]elling at very low prices or at below production costs as a deliberate strategy of driving competitors off the market."

|}

== References ==

<references />

Main Page

2007-10-23T18:09:15Z

AchalOza: /* Country Reports */

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==
'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. [http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html View full faculty profile.]

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Notes on Scoring]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:47:43Z

AchalOza: /* Databases Notes */

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==
'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. [http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html View full faculty profile.]

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Notes on Scoring]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates

2007-10-16T18:47:25Z

AchalOza: Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates moved to Notes on Scoring

#REDIRECT [[Notes on Scoring]]

Notes on Scoring

2007-10-16T18:47:23Z

AchalOza: Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates moved to Notes on Scoring

== Steps ==
#Start with the Merger Notification cells. If this value is greater than 0, subtract 1 from it. -1 is not an acceptable value.
#Next, add-up all of the other cells, but exclude any defenses from this calculation.
:*Defenses include all efficiency defenses, as well as the efficiency and public interest (pro D) defenses under Merger Assessment.
:*Include Other as a defense.
:*Public interest (pro authority) is not a defense, and should count positively towards the overall Scope Index.

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:46:59Z

AchalOza: /* Databases Notes */

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==
'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. [http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html View full faculty profile.]

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:45:56Z

AchalOza: /* Authors */

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==
'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. [http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html View full faculty profile.]

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Countries Requiring Further Research]]
* [[Country Assignments]]
* [[Countries Included in the Database|Listing of Included and Excluded Nations]]
* [[Notes on EU Nations and the EC Treaty]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:42:50Z

AchalOza: /* Authors */

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==
'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003.[http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html (view full faculty profile)].

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Countries Requiring Further Research]]
* [[Country Assignments]]
* [[Countries Included in the Database|Listing of Included and Excluded Nations]]
* [[Notes on EU Nations and the EC Treaty]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:42:36Z

AchalOza:

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==

'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003.[http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html (view full faculty profile)].

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Countries Requiring Further Research]]
* [[Country Assignments]]
* [[Countries Included in the Database|Listing of Included and Excluded Nations]]
* [[Notes on EU Nations and the EC Treaty]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Main Page

2007-10-16T18:41:44Z

AchalOza:

{|style="border-spacing:8px; margin:0px -8px;"
|border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;"|
{|width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
! <h1 style="margin:0; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton</h1>
|-
| AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.
|}
|}

== Authors ==

'''Keith N. Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003.[http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html (view full faculty profile)].

'''Research Assistants'''
:*Sean Miller
:*Nicola Leiter
:*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
:*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
:*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com</nowiki> (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Research Support ==

The authors thank [http://www.bu.edu/law/ Boston University School of Law] and [http://www.microsoft.com Microsoft Corporation] for research support.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Countries Requiring Further Research]]
* [[Country Assignments]]
* [[Countries Included in the Database|Listing of Included and Excluded Nations]]
* [[Notes on EU Nations and the EC Treaty]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

Main Page

2007-10-12T19:13:44Z

AchalOza: /* Suggested Citation Format */

== Antitrust World Reports by Professor Keith N. Hylton ==

AntitrustWorldWiki.com is a collaborative database covering antitrust laws around the world. Its purpose is to provide information on the key provisions of antitrust laws in a manner that enables users of this wiki to compare antitrust enforcement regimes around the world. We will expand the site to include new information and to enable users to post comments and observations.

== Authors ==

'''Keith Hylton''', a professor of law at Boston University, has published numerous articles in American law journals and peer-reviewed law and economics journals. His antitrust textbook, [http://www.amazon.com/Antitrust-Law-Economic-Theory-Evolution/dp/0521793785/ref=sr_1_1/002-8545403-9069605?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1185315361&sr=8-1 ''Antitrust Law: Economic Theory and Common Law Evolution''], was published by Cambridge University Press in 2003.[http://www.bu.edu/law/faculty/profiles/bios/full-time/hylton_k.html (view full faculty profile)].

=== Research Assistants ===

*Sean Miller
*Nicola Leiter
*[[User:AchalOza|Achal Oza]]
*[[User:Kajrozga|Kaj Rozga]]
*[[User:JWSchneider|Jacob Schneider]]

== Suggested Citation Format ==

[Signal] Keith N. Hylton et al., [article/page/report name], Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' [URL location] [(optional other parenthetical)] (as of [date], [time] GMT).

'''Examples'''
* Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Country Report: Romania (December 10, 2003)</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Romania_%28December_10%2C_2003%29</nowiki> (noting Romania's ban on tying) (as of October 10, 2007, 05:30 PM GMT).
* ''See'' Keith N. Hylton et al., <u>Predatory Pricing Report</u>, Antitrust World Reports, ''available at'' <nowiki>http://antitrustworldwiki.com/antitrustwiki/index.php/Predatory_Pricing_Report</nowiki> (as of September 5, 2007, 12:30 AM GMT).

== Notice on Accuracy of Data ==

'''AntitrustWorldWiki.com''' is a unique research tool. It is designed not for formal publication, but as a means to methodically draw-out factual information regarding the ever-changing body of international competition law. The authors assert only that the data on these pages is accurate to the best of their knowledge. The authors readily welcome and encourage any outside expertise on a particular jurisdiction's formal law or the extent of its enforcement.

== Databases Notes ==
* [[Author's Notes]]
* [[Index Definitions]]
* [[Countries Requiring Further Research]]
* [[Country Assignments]]
* [[Countries Included in the Database|Listing of Included and Excluded Nations]]
* [[Notes on EU Nations and the EC Treaty]]
* [[Notes on how to calculate Scope Index scores for Nation Templates]]

== Special Reports ==
* [[Predatory Pricing Report]]
* [[Competition Enforcement Budgets]]
* [[Penalties Report]]

== Country Reports ==
The following data represents a comprehensive survey of current antitrust regimes throughout the world. The original texts of individual statutes in each country were examined for the presence of various elements. Each included country receives an individual report here that indicates the presence or absence of these various elements in the country’s statutes. The presence of an element is accompanied by a short explanation and/or citation to the applicable statute. The elements themselves are defined [[Index Definitions|here]]. Some definitions are broad and could be divided into subcategories, in these cases, detailed comments are provided. Each report also includes a numerical score for comparison across countries and regions, or for empirical analysis.

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Austria]]
| [[Belgium]]
| [[Cyprus]]
| [[Czech Republic]]
| [[Denmark]]
| [[Estonia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Finland]]
| [[France]]
| [[Germany]]
| [[Greece]]
| [[Greenland]]
| [[Hungary]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ireland]]
| [[Italy]]
| [[Latvia]]
| [[Lithuania]]
| [[Luxembourg]]
| [[Malta]]

|- align="center"
| [[Netherlands]]
| [[Poland]]
| [[Portugal]]
| [[Slovak Republic]]
| [[Slovenia]]
| [[Spain]]

|- align="center"
| [[Sweden]]
| [[United Kingdom]]
|
|
|
|
|}

|}

{| style="background:Cornflowerblue; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Europe: Non-European Union'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Albania]]
| [[Armenia]]
| [[Belarus]]
| [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]
| [[Bulgaria]]
| [[Croatia]]

|- align="center"
| [[Faroe Island]]
| [[Georgia]]
| [[Iceland]]
| [[Jersey, Channel Islands]]
| [[Macedonia]]
| [[Moldova]]

|- align="center"
| [[Norway]]
| [[Romania]]
| [[Russia]]
| [[Serbia-Montenegro]]
| [[Switzerland]]
| [[Turkey]]

|- align="center"
| [[Ukraine]]
| [[Yugoslavia/Serbia]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Angola]]
| [[Benin]]
| [[Burkina Faso]]
| [[Cameroon]]
| [[Cote d'Ivoire]]
| [[Kenya]]

|- align="center"
| [[Malawi]]
| [[Mali]]
| [[Mauritius]]
| [[Namibia]]
| [[Nigeria]]
| [[Senegal]]

|- align="center"
| [[South Africa]]
| [[Tanzania]]
| [[Zambia]]
| [[Zimbabwe]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Turquoise; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Middle East and Northern Africa'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"

|- align="center"
| [[Algeria]]
| [[Egypt]]
| [[Iran]]
| [[Israel]]
| [[Jordan]]
| [[Morocco]]

|- align="center"
| [[Qatar]]
| [[Saudi Arabia]]
| [[Syria]]
| [[Tunisia]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''South America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Argentina]]
| [[Bolivia]]
| [[Brazil]]
| [[Chile]]
| [[Colombia]]
| [[Ecuador]]
| [[Guyana]]

|- align="center"
| [[Paraguay]]
| [[Peru]]
| [[Uruguay]]
| [[Venezuela]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Orange; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Central America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Costa Rica]]
| [[El Salvador]]
| [[Guatemala]]
| [[Honduras]]
| [[Mexico]]
| [[Nicaragua]]

|- align="center"
| [[Panama]]
|
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''North America'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Canada]]
| [[United States]]
|
|
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#FFFF66; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Caribbean'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Barbados]]
| [[Dominican Republic]]
| [[Jamaica]]
| [[Trinidad and Tobago]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:#33CC00; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Asia'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Azerbaijan]]
| [[Bangladesh]]
| [[Cambodia]]
| [[China]]
| [[Hong Kong]]
| [[India]]

|- align="center"
| [[Indonesia]]
| [[Japan]]
| [[Kazakhstan]]
| [[South Korea|Korea]]
| [[Kyrgyzstan]]
| [[Lao PDR]]

|- align="center"
| [[Mongolia]]
| [[Pakistan]]
| [[Philippines]]
| [[Singapore]]
| [[Sri Lanka]]
| [[Taiwan]]

|- align="center"
| [[Tajikistan]]
| [[Thailand]]
| [[Uzbekistan]]
| [[Vietnam]]
|
|

|}

|}

{| style="background:Red; color=white" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" width="100%"
|- style="color=white" align="center"
| '''Oceania'''
|-
|

{| style="background:white" border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" width="100%"
|- align="center"
| [[Australia]]
| [[Fiji]]
| [[New Zealand]]
| [[Papua New Guinea]]
|
|

|}

|}

__NOTOC__

Vietnam (July 1, 2005)

2007-10-12T16:29:54Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 20'''

''Governed by:'' Competition Law of 4 November 2004 (came into force 1 July 2005) (herein referred to as "Competition Law").<ref>A primary source could not be located, instead a secondary source was used: http://www.freshfields.com/practice/comptrade/publications/pdf/10388.pdf</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
| The Competition Law regulates unhealthy competitive practices and practices in restraint of competition by all businesses in Vietnam, including 'overseas enterprises operating in Vietnam.'

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| The Competition Commission may impose fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Divestitures can be requires for unlawful economic mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Any party that believes its legal rights and interests have been infringed due to a breach of the Competition Law can submit a complaint to the Competition Commission.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Compensation may have to be paid to thsoe who have suffered loss.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| If the parties to a merger have a combined market share of between 30% and 50% of the relevant market, they must notify the Competition Commission 30 days before the proposed merger.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| If the parties to a merger have a combined market share of between 30% and 50% of the relevant market, they must notify the Competition Commission 30 days before the proposed merger.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Mergers resulting in greater than 50% market share are prohibited

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Restriction of competition through a merger is defined by the Competition Law as a practice that reduces, distorts, or hinders competition in the market.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| The Competition Commission may grant a business failure exemption if one or more of the parties to the merger is at risk of being dissolved or declared bankrupt.

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| The Competition Commission may grant an exemption if the merger has the effect of contributing to socioeconomic development, technical progress or the increase of exports.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| An enterprise in a monopoly market position may not impose disadvantageous conditions on customers or abuse its monopoly position to unilaterally change or rescind a signed contract without a legitimate reason.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| The Competition Law prohibits fixed unreasonable selling or purchasing prices. Moreover, it prohibits predatory pricing as well.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| The Competition Law prohibits a dominant firm from fixing minimum reselling prices.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| The Competition Law prohibits a single enterprise or a group of enterprises from preventing other enterprises from entering the market.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Enterprises that hold a combined market share of 30 percent or more of the relevant market are prohibited from entering into price fixing agreements.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| The Competition Law prohibits a single enterprise or a group of enterprises from bundling unrelated obligations into a contract.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Enterprises that hold a combined market share of 30 percent or more of the relevant market are prohibited from entering into output restraint agreements.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Enterprises that hold a combined market share of 30 percent or more of the relevant market are prohibited from entering into market sharing agreements.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Boycotts are considered agreements in restraint of competition and are strictly prohibited.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Tender collusions are considered agreements in restraint of competition and are strictly prohibited.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| The Competition Commission may grant an exemption for an agreement in restraint of competition if the agreement increases efficiency.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Uzbekistan 1996

2007-10-12T16:29:18Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 24'''

''Governed by:'' Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activity at the Markets of 27 December 1996 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”).
<ref>http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/asia/Uzbekistan/competition.pdf</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 says that the Act will apply to activities outside of Uzbekistan that have an effect in the country.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 18 allows the Commission to impose fines for violations of the Act.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 16 allows the Commission to impose compulsory divestiture in the case of a dominant undertaking infringing the antimonopoly legislation.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 20 allows other undertakings to make complaints to initiate proceedings.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 19 provides a cause of action for damages for injured 3rd parties.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 14 requires mergers to be approved by the Commission.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Permission for the merger must be received before it can go through so notification must come prior to the merger.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 14 says that the Commission can reject the merger application if it will lead to a dominant position.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 14 says that the Commission can reject a merger application if it will lead to a restriction of competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Article 14 says that the Commission can allow an otherwise impermissible merger when it will give appreciable benefits to consumers.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 14 says that the Commission can allow an otherwise impermissible merger when it will promote improvement of trade conditions.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits dominant undertakings from withdrawing goods from the market.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits the abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits imposing price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits the imposition of discriminatory contract conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits the creation of barriers to entry.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 5 allows an efficiency defense for when the otherwise prohibited actions will lead to positive economic consequences.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits, "The consent to sign a contract only under condition of additional purchase or sale by the contractor of other goods or abstention of the contractor from purchase of the goods from other undertakings or sale of the goods to other undertakings."

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits market division.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits agreements to eliminate other undertakings from the market.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits collusive tendering.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 6 provides an efficiency defense for otherwise impermissible agreements that will improve trade conditions or increase competitiveness.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Tajikistan (November 29, 2000)

2007-10-12T16:27:55Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 20'''

''Governed by:'' Law of the Tajik Republic “On Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activities on Goods Markets,” dated November 29, 2000.
<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/asia/Tajikistan/leg1.pdf (own translation)</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Art. 2 extends scope to actions outside Tajik borders

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Art. 16 provides for fines

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Art. 5, 13 allow dissolution through judicial process

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Art. 11 requires submission to antimonopoly auth.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Art. 11 requires prior consent

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. 11 considers restriction of competition

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits removing goods from circulation

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits dominant acts that infringe on interests of other economic agents generally

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits price setting

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits discriminatory pricing

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits creating obstacles to entry

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits price fixing

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Art. 4 prohibits tying

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits market division

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits market division based on buyers

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits limiting competition

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits collusive tendering, bid rigging

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Art. 5 prohibits supply refusal

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Taiwan (April 26, 2000)

2007-10-12T16:25:46Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 21'''

''Governed by:'' The Fair Trade Act of 2000 (hereinafter referred to as “FTA”).
<ref>Taiwan Fair Trade Commission website, http://www.ftc.gov.tw/SHOWFORM.ASP?ISEDIT=YES&MODE=SHOWMODE&FormName=Fair+Trade+Law+of+2000</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 35 allows the Commission to impose fines and imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 35 allows the Commission to impose fines and imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 13 allows the Commission to dissolve any illegally formed companies (from unapproved mergers).

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 26 says that the Commission will act on complaints.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 30 says that any injured 3rd party can demand removal of infringements and Article 31 says they can collect damages.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 11 requires notification of certain mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 13 prohibits mergers from occurring until approval is received.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 12 says that a merger will be approved if the economic benefit outweighs the disadvantages to competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 12 says that a merger will be approved if the economic benefit outweighs the disadvantages to competition.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 10(4) prohibits the abuse of a monopolistic position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 10(2) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 10(3) prohibits discriminatory trading conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 18 prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 14 allows certain concerted actions when they are beneficial to the economy as a whole.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 7 defines price fixing as a concerted act.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits tying

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 7 lists market division as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 7 defines output restraint as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 7 lists market sharing as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits improperly limiting its competitors’ business activity.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 7 prohibits bid-rigging as a concerted action

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 14 allows certain concerted actions when they are beneficial to the economy as a whole.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Taiwan (February 6, 2002)

2007-10-12T16:24:18Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 22'''

''Governed by:'' Fair Trade Act of 2002 (hereinafter referred to as “FTA”).
<ref>Taiwan Free Trade Commission website, http://www.ftc.gov.tw/EnglishWeb/20000101299901011508.htm; Laws and Regulations Database of China, http://law.moj.gov.tw/Eng/Fnews/FnewsContent.asp?msgid=169&msgType=en </ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 35 allows the Commission to impose fines and imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 35 allows the Commission to impose fines and imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 13 allows for divestiture when a company illegally proceeds with a banned merger.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 26 says that investigations can be initiated on the basis of any complaint.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 30 and 31 give 3rd parties the right to seek injunctions and damages for injuries as a result of violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Article 27-1 allows certain related 3rd parties to have access to evidence during the investigation.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 11 requires pre-merger notification of certain mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 11 requires pre-merger notification of certain mergers.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 12 says that the Commission must consider whether the economic benefits outweigh the disadvantages to competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 12 says that the Commission must consider whether the economic benefits outweigh the disadvantages to competition.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 10(4) prohibits the abuse of a monopolistic position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 10(2) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 10(3) prohibits the imposition of discriminatory trading conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 18 prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 14 gives efficiency defenses for concerted actions.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 7 defines price fixing as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits tying

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 7 defines market division as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 7 defines output restraint as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 7 defines market sharing as a concerted action.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits limiting a competitor’s business activity improperly.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 7 prohibits bid-rigging as a concerted action

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 14 gives efficiency defenses for concerted actions.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Lao PDR (April 2, 2004)

2007-10-12T16:13:26Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 13'''

''Governed by:'' Decree on Trade Competition, dated April 2, 2004.
<ref>Lao PDR Ministry of Commerce website, http://www1.mot.gov.vn/Laowebsite/vbdetail.asp?id=15/PMO</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Art. 14 discusses fines compensating injured parties

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Art. 14 allows the authority to close down a business indefinitely for committing certain offenses.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Art. 14 discusses fines compensating injured parties

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. 9 considers restriction of competition

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Art. 13 allows national security interest defense

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits controlling resale

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits price fixing

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits allocation arrangements

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits limiting production, stockpiling

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits market sharing

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Art. 10 prohibits intentionally eliminating competition

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits collusive tendering

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits supply refusal

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|}

== References ==
<references />

Lao PDR (April 2, 2004)

2007-10-12T16:11:59Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 14'''

''Governed by:'' Decree on Trade Competition, dated April 2, 2004.
<ref>Lao PDR Ministry of Commerce website, http://www1.mot.gov.vn/Laowebsite/vbdetail.asp?id=15/PMO</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Art. 14 discusses fines compensating injured parties

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Art. 14 allows the authority to close down a business indefinitely for committing certain offenses.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Art. 14 discusses fines compensating injured parties

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. 9 considers restriction of competition

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Art. 13 allows national security interest defense

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits controlling resale

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits price fixing

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits allocation arrangements

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits limiting production, stockpiling

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits market sharing

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Art. 10 prohibits intentionally eliminating competition

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits collusive tendering

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Art. 11 prohibits supply refusal

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 13 allows for efficiency defense

|}

== References ==
<references />

Kyrgystan (April 15, 1994)

2007-10-12T16:11:03Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 24'''

''Governed by:'' Law of the Kyrgyz Republic “On Restriction of Monopolistic Activities, Development and Protection of Competition,” dated April 1994.
<ref>Kyrgyz Competition Authority website, http://www.kyrgyzpatent.kg/russian/legislation/zakon/ogr_mon_deit.htm (own translation)</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Art. 2 extends scope to foreign companies conducting business within Kyrgyz markets

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Art. 11 allows for fines

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Art. 11 allows for criminal proceedings

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Art. 18 allows for divestitures

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Art. 22(2) allows for 3rd party civil suits

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Art. 22(2) allows for 3rd party recovery

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Art. 15 requires petitioning antimonopoly authority

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Art. 15 requires advance consent

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Art. 15(3) considers dominant position

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. 15(3) considers limiting competition

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Art. 15(3) allows for public interest defense

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Art. 15(3) allows for efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits limiting supply

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits dominant acts that infringe on the interests of others generally

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits price setting

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits discriminatory pricing

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits creating obstacles to the market

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 6(2) allows for an efficiency defense

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits price fixing

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Art. 6(1) prohibits tying

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits market division

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits dividing a market based on buyers

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits eliminating economic agents from the market

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits collusive tendering, bid rigging

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Art. 7(1) prohibits supply refusal

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. 7(3) allows for an efficiency defense

|}

== References ==
<references />

Kazakhstan (January 19, 2001)

2007-10-12T16:08:37Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 22'''

''Governed by:'' Law No. 144 of 19th January 2001 of the Republic of Kazakhstan Concerning Competition and Restriction of Monopolistic Activities.
<ref>Translated Act on Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/asia/Kazakhstan/Kazaki%20Com..pdf.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 extends the scope to all entities affecting competition in Kazakhstan.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 21 gives the antimonopoly body the right to impose fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 12 gives the antimonopoly body the right to reorganize a monopolistic company.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 21 says that sometimes heads of other market entities can be requires to stop violations.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 21 says that other market entities can recover damages.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 17 says that the antimonopoly body requires prior notification of any acquisition of 35% or more of another company.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 17 allows the antimonopoly body to disallow a merger if it strengthens a dominant position.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 17 says that the merger can be deemed invalid if it would have a significant impact on competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 16(4) prohibits restricting access to goods to drive up prices.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 16(4) lists several things that are considered abusive acts.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 16(4) prohibits price setting (low and high)

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 16(4) prohibits discriminatory pricing/conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 16(4) prohibits the restriction of entry to the commodity market.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 14(6) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 14 prohibits agreements to restrict production.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 14(1)(3) prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 14(4) prohibits acts that eliminate competitors and restrict market access.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 14(7) prohibits collusive tendering.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 14(5) prohibits group boycotts.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Japan 2005

2007-10-12T16:07:18Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 16'''

''Governed by:'' Act Concerning Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade: Law No. 54 of 1947 (as amended in 2005) (hereinafter referred to as “Fair Trade Act”)
<ref>A comprehensive listing of relevant statutes can be found here, http://www.jftc.go.jp/e-page/legislation/index.html</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §89 allows the Commission to impose fines for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §89 allows the Commission to impose imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| §7(1) of the FTA allows the Commission to divide up private monopolies.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §45 says that any person can report a violation to the Commission and ask for appropriate measures to be taken.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §24 gives injured 3rd parties the right to demand a suspension of the infringements of the FTA and collect damages after the conclusion of the hearing.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| §15(2) requires pre merger notification for all proposed mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| §15(2) requires pre merger notification for all proposed mergers.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §9 prohibits any merger that may cause an excessive concentration of economic power.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §15(1) prohibits mergers that have the effect of substantially restraining competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §2(9) lists unjustly using one’s position as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| §2(9) lists price setting as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §2(9) lists discriminatory pricing as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| §2(6) lists price fixing as an unreasonable restraint of trade.

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| §2(6) lists output restraint in its definition of unreasonable restraints of trade.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Japan 1947

2007-10-12T16:06:21Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 16'''

''Governed by:'' Act Concerning Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade: Law No. 54 of 1947 (hereinafter referred to as “Fair Trade Act”)
<ref>http://www.jftc.go.jp/e-page/legislation/ama/ama.pdf</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §89 allows the Commission to impose fines for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §89 allows the Commission to impose imprisonment for violations of the FTA.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| §7(1) of the FTA allows the Commission to divide up private monopolies.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §45 says that any person can report a violation to the Commission and ask for appropriate measures to be taken.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §24 gives injured 3rd parties the right to demand a suspension of the infringements of the FTA and collect damages after the conclusion of the hearing.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| §15(2) requires pre merger notification for all proposed mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| §15(2) requires pre merger notification for all proposed mergers.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §9 prohibits any merger that may cause an excessive concentration of economic power.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §15(1) prohibits mergers that have the effect of substantially restraining competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §2(9) lists unjustly using one’s position as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| §2(9) lists price setting as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §2(9) lists discriminatory pricing as an unfair trade practice.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| §2(6) lists price fixing as an unreasonable restraint of trade.

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| §2(6) lists output restraint in its definition of unreasonable restraints of trade.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Indonesia (March 5, 1999)

2007-10-12T16:05:38Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 23'''

''Governed by:'' Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5 of 1999 Concerning the Ban on Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”).
<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/asia/Indonesia/uu_monopoli_(english)1.pdf </ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
| Article 1(5) states Competition Act only applies to activities within the legal territory of the Republic of Indonesia.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 47(2)(g) allows the Commission to impose fines for violations of the Act.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 48 allows the Commission to impose imprisonment for certain violations such as market sharing.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 38(1) says that any person can notify the Commission of violations of the Act.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 38(2) says that parties that have suffered losses can ask the Commission for damages.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 29 requires notification of all mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 1
| Article 29(1) says that the notification must take place no later than 30 days after the merger occurs.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 28(1) bans all mergers that may cause monopolies.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 28(1) prohibits all mergers that may cause unfair competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 25(1)(b) prohibits restricting the market or technical development.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 25(1) prohibits taking advantage of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 25(1)(a) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 6 prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 8 prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 25(1)(c) prohibits hampering other entrepreneurs from becoming competitors.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 5(1) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 15(2) prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 9 prohibits market division through area distribution.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 11 prohibits market sharing agreements.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 20 prohibits practices to eliminate competitors’ businesses.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 22 prohibits collusive tendering.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 10 prohibits group boycotts.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

India (July 1991)

2007-10-12T16:03:12Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 11'''

''Governed by:'' The Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act No. 54 of 1969 last amended by the MRTP Amendment Act of 1991 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”).
<ref>http://www.vakilno1.com/bareacts/mrtpact/mrtpact.htm</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 48 allows the Commission to fine or imprison parties for failing to register a registerable agreement.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 48 allows the Commission to fine or imprison parties for failing to register a registerable agreement.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 36D(1)(b) allows the Commission to void or modify any agreement relating to unfair trade practices.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 10(a)(i) allows 3rd parties to initiate inquiries by filing a complaint.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 12(b) allows injured 3rd parties to get compensation.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| RPM is prohibited under Article 40.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 32 provides a defense public interest defense that includes protecting national security.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 33(b) lists tying arrangements as a registerable agreement.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 33(g) lists market division agreements as registerable.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 33(g) lists output restraint as a registerable agreement.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 33(j) lists any agreement that may lead to the elimination of a competitor as a registerable agreement.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 33(jb) lists agreements to bid rig as registerable.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 38 says that registerable agreements may be allowed if they are necessary for public consumer interests and the economy.

|}

== References ==
<references />

India (January 13, 2003)

2007-10-12T16:02:02Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 22'''

''Governed by:'' The Competition Act, 2002, No. 12 of 2003 enacted on 13 January 2003 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act").
<ref>Competition Commission of India website, http://www.competition-commission-india.nic.in/Act/competition_act2002.pdf</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 32 extends the scope of the Act to include acts taking place outside India but having an effect on competition in India.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 42 allows the Commission to fine parties for contravening their orders.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 42 allows the Commission to imprison parties for contravening their orders.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 28 allows for the division of an enterprise in a dominant position.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 19(1)(a) allows any person to submit a complaint to the Commission.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 34 gives the Commission the power to award compensation to injured 3rd parties.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Articles 34, 35, and 40 gives 3rd parties rights in proceedings.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 1
| Article 6(2) says that enterprises have the option of notifying the Commission of mergers.

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 6 says this notification must happen within a week of the decision to merge.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 20(4)(d) lists the degree of market power as a consideration in merger assessment.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Articles 20(1), 6(1) prohibit concentrations that are likely to cause an adverse effect on competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 20(4)(m) lists the relative advantages to economic development of a merger as a factor in merger assessment.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 4(2)(b) prohibits limiting access to production or technical development.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 4(1) prohibits the abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 4(2)(a) lists discriminatory pricing as an abusive practice.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 3(4)(e) prohibits RPM when it has adverse effects on competition.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 4(2)(c) prohibits limiting market access.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 3(3)(a) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 3(4)(a) prohibits tying arrangements if they have adverse effects on competition.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 3(3)(b) prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 3(3)(c) prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 3(3)(d) prohibits bid rigging.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 3(4)(d) prohibits supply refusals where they adversely affect competition.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 3(3) allows an exemption for agreements that increase efficiency in production, supply, or distribution.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Bangladesh 1970

2007-10-12T15:57:47Z

AchalOza:

'''''Note: This statute has not been formally enacted. It was inherited from Pakistan, but never "initialized" by the new Bangladesh government.'''''

'''Score = 14'''

''Governed by:'' Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (Control and Prevention) Ordinance No. V of 1970.
<ref>“Competition Scenario in Bangladesh” July 2005, Bangladesh Enterprise Institute;
http://www.cuts-international.org/7up2/Country_report_Bangladesh.doc</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 19 says that the Authority can issue fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 12(1)(b) allows divestitures in cases of unreasonable monopoly power.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 16(1)(i) requires registration of mergers concerning dominant companies.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 1
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 5 prohibits mergers that will result in an unreasonable concentration of market power.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 5 says that such mergers will be prohibited if it will substantially lessen competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 5(2) says that otherwise impermissible mergers can be allowed when their benefits of efficiency outweigh the adverse effects on competition.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 6(b) prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 6(a)(i) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 6(c) prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 6(a)(ii) prohibits market division.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 6(a)(iii) prohibits limiting production of goods.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 6(a)(ii) prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 6(a)(v) prohibits group boycotts.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 6(2) provides an efficiency defense for the Article 6 prohibitions.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Barbados 2002

2007-10-12T14:03:07Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 25'''

''Governed by:'' Barbados Fair Competition Act – Chapter 326C.
<ref>Barbados Department of Commerce website, http://www.commerce.gov.bb/Legislation/Documents/Fair%20Competition%20Act,%20Cap%20326C.pdf</ref><ref>While the statute was passed in 2002, it only came into effect in January of 2003.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 13 says that the prohibited trade practices are results oriented.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Several of the Articles (including 7 and 8) allow fines and imprisonment for certain offenses.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 20(8) allows the Commission to require divestitures for impermissible mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 37(c) allows injured parties to receive compensation.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Article 36(1) allows any person aggrieved to file an appeal to a Judge.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 20(2) requires pre-merger notification.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 20(2) requires pre-merger notification

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 20(7) requires the Commission to look at the market share and degree of control over the market of the companies applying to merge.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 20(6) requires the Commission to take restrictions on competition into account in merger assessment.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 1
| Article 20(7)(d) allows the Commission to look at the affect of the merge on consumers.

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 21(1)(a) allows mergers that are likely to bring about gains in efficiencies.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 16(3)(g) prohibits market restriction.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 16 prohibits abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 6(1)(e) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 6(1)(e) prohibits price discrimination

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 24 prohibits RPM.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 16(3)(a) prohibits the creation of obstacles to entry.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 16(4) provides an efficiency defense.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 13(3)(a) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 13(3)(f) prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 13(3)(c) prohibits market division.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 13(3)(b) prohibits limiting market production.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 13(3)(d) prohibits collusive tendering.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 6(1)(b) prohibits supply refusal.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 13(4) supplies a defense for efficiency.

|}

== References ==
<references />

United States 2007

2007-10-12T14:02:30Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 24'''

''Governed by:'' Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1-7<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/us_saa.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Sherman Act”), Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 12-27<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/The%20Clayton%20Antitrust%20Act.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Clayton Act”), Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. §41-51<ref>Federal Trade Commission website, http://www.ftc.gov/ogc/about.shtm; Link to statute, http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode15/usc_sup_01_15_10_2.html</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “FTC Act”).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| The effects doctrine says that US antitrust law applies to anything that has a “direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect” on US trade and commerce.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Courts are permitted to order divestiture of assets in certain situations.<ref>FTAA report, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows 3rd parties to initiate proceedings.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows anybody who has been injured to file a case for damages in district court.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that create a monopoly.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that substantially lessen competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| Business failure is considered by the ''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'' decision.<ref>''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'', 370 U.S. 294 (1962)</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Courts have recognized a limited efficiency defense.<ref>''See F.T.C. v. Staples'', 970 F. Supp. 1066 (D.D.C. 1997).</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| The court prohibits dominant firms that gain control over a cost reducing essential facility from taking exclusive access in order to ruin a competitor.<ref>''See Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Bldg'', 194 F.2d 484 (1st Cir.1952).</ref>

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §2 of the Sherman Act prohibits abusing a monopoly position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §2 of the Clayton Act prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
| RPM is no longer per se illegal in the United States. Rather, courts will take a "rule of reason" approach to these abuses - essentially making most RPM legal.<ref>'' See Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.'', Slip Op. No. 06–480 (Decided June 28, 2007).</ref>

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Courts have looked at whether there existed barriers to entry in order to decide whether an action violated §2 of the Sherman Act.<ref>''See U.S. v. American Tel. and Tel. Co.'', 524 F. Supp. 1336 (D.C.D.C. 1981).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Price fixing agreements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act by the courts.<ref>''See Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc.'', 56 FTC 523.</ref>

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Tying arrangements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act and §3 of the Clayton Act.<ref>''See United States v. Jerrold Electronics Corp.'', 187 F. Supp. 545 (E.D. Pa. 1960), ''aff’d per curiam'', 365 U.S. 567 (1961).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Territorial allocation has been interpreted as “an aggregation of trade restraints.”<ref>''See United States v. Sealy'', 388 U.S. 350 (1967).</ref>

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Agreements to restrict competition and decrease output are interpreted as illegal.<ref>''See Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting Co.'', 441 U.S. 1, 20 (1979).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| The courts have interpreted market sharing as illegal.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| The purpose of §2 of the Sherman Act is to thwart agreements meant to eliminate a competitor.<ref>''See McIntire v. Wm. Penn Broadcasting Co. of Philadelphia'', 151 F.2d 597 (3d Cir. 1945).</ref>

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| The court has found that bid rigging schemes can impair competition.<ref>''See Stolow v. Greg Manning Auctions, Inc.'', 258 F. Supp. 2d 236 (S.D.N.Y. 2003).</ref>

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Group boycotts violate the Sherman Act and the FTC Act.<ref>''See In re New Motor Vehicles Canadian Export Antitrust Litigation'', 350 F. Supp. 2d 160 (D. Me. 2004).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|}

== References ==
<references />

United States 2007

2007-10-12T14:01:52Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 25'''

''Governed by:'' Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1-7<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/us_saa.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Sherman Act”), Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 12-27<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/The%20Clayton%20Antitrust%20Act.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Clayton Act”), Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. §41-51<ref>Federal Trade Commission website, http://www.ftc.gov/ogc/about.shtm; Link to statute, http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode15/usc_sup_01_15_10_2.html</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “FTC Act”).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| The effects doctrine says that US antitrust law applies to anything that has a “direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect” on US trade and commerce.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Courts are permitted to order divestiture of assets in certain situations.<ref>FTAA report, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows 3rd parties to initiate proceedings.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows anybody who has been injured to file a case for damages in district court.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that create a monopoly.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that substantially lessen competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| Business failure is considered by the ''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'' decision.<ref>''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'', 370 U.S. 294 (1962)</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Courts have recognized a limited efficiency defense.<ref>''See F.T.C. v. Staples'', 970 F. Supp. 1066 (D.D.C. 1997).</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| The court prohibits dominant firms that gain control over a cost reducing essential facility from taking exclusive access in order to ruin a competitor.<ref>''See Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Bldg'', 194 F.2d 484 (1st Cir.1952).</ref>

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §2 of the Sherman Act prohibits abusing a monopoly position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §2 of the Clayton Act prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
| RPM is no longer per se illegal in the United States. Rather, courts will take a "rule of reason" approach to these abuses - essentially making most RPM legal.<ref>'' See Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.'', Slip Op. No. 06–480 (Decided June 28, 2007).</ref>

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Courts have looked at whether there existed barriers to entry in order to decide whether an action violated §2 of the Sherman Act.<ref>''See U.S. v. American Tel. and Tel. Co.'', 524 F. Supp. 1336 (D.C.D.C. 1981).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Price fixing agreements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act by the courts.<ref>''See Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc.'', 56 FTC 523.</ref>

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Tying arrangements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act and §3 of the Clayton Act.<ref>''See United States v. Jerrold Electronics Corp.'', 187 F. Supp. 545 (E.D. Pa. 1960), ''aff’d per curiam'', 365 U.S. 567 (1961).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Territorial allocation has been interpreted as “an aggregation of trade restraints.”<ref>''See United States v. Sealy'', 388 U.S. 350 (1967).</ref>

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Agreements to restrict competition and decrease output are interpreted as illegal.<ref>''See Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting Co.'', 441 U.S. 1, 20 (1979).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| The courts have interpreted market sharing as illegal.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| The purpose of §2 of the Sherman Act is to thwart agreements meant to eliminate a competitor.<ref>''See McIntire v. Wm. Penn Broadcasting Co. of Philadelphia'', 151 F.2d 597 (3d Cir. 1945).</ref>

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| The court has found that bid rigging schemes can impair competition.<ref>''See Stolow v. Greg Manning Auctions, Inc.'', 258 F. Supp. 2d 236 (S.D.N.Y. 2003).</ref>

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Group boycotts violate the Sherman Act and the FTC Act.<ref>''See In re New Motor Vehicles Canadian Export Antitrust Litigation'', 350 F. Supp. 2d 160 (D. Me. 2004).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|}

== References ==
<references />

United States 1977

2007-10-12T14:01:28Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 25'''

''Governed by:'' Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1-7<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/us_saa.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Sherman Act”), Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 12-27<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/USA/The%20Clayton%20Antitrust%20Act.pdf</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Clayton Act”), Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U.S.C. §41-51<ref>Federal Trade Commission website, http://www.ftc.gov/ogc/about.shtm; Link to statute, http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode15/usc_sup_01_15_10_2.html</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “FTC Act”).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| The effects doctrine says that US antitrust law applies to anything that has a “direct, substantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect” on US trade and commerce.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §1 and 2 of the Sherman Act allows for fines and imprisonment for violations.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Courts are permitted to order divestiture of assets in certain situations.<ref>FTAA report, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows 3rd parties to initiate proceedings.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §4 of the Clayton Act allows anybody who has been injured to file a case for damages in district court.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, prior notification to the FTC and Department of Justice is required.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that create a monopoly.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §7 of the Clayton Act prohibits mergers that substantially lessen competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| Business failure is considered by the ''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'' decision.<ref>''Brown Shoe, Co. v. United States'', 370 U.S. 294 (1962)</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Courts have recognized a limited efficiency defense.<ref>''See F.T.C. v. Staples'', 970 F. Supp. 1066 (D.D.C. 1997).</ref>

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| The court prohibits dominant firms that gain control over a cost reducing essential facility from taking exclusive access in order to ruin a competitor.<ref>''See Gamco, Inc. v. Providence Fruit & Produce Bldg'', 194 F.2d 484 (1st Cir.1952).</ref>

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §2 of the Sherman Act prohibits abusing a monopoly position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §2 of the Clayton Act prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| RPM is generally illegal.<ref>''See Dr. Miles Medical Co. v. John D. Park & Sons Co.'', 220 U.S. 373 (1911).</ref>

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Courts have looked at whether there existed barriers to entry in order to decide whether an action violated §2 of the Sherman Act.<ref>''See U.S. v. American Tel. and Tel. Co.'', 524 F. Supp. 1336 (D.C.D.C. 1981).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Price fixing agreements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act by the courts.<ref>''See Stewart & Stevenson Services, Inc.'', 56 FTC 523.</ref>

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Tying arrangements have been interpreted as illegal infringements of §1 of the Sherman Act and §3 of the Clayton Act.<ref>''See United States v. Jerrold Electronics Corp.'', 187 F. Supp. 545 (E.D. Pa. 1960), ''aff’d per curiam'', 365 U.S. 567 (1961).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Territorial allocation has been interpreted as “an aggregation of trade restraints.”<ref>''See United States v. Sealy'', 388 U.S. 350 (1967).</ref>

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Agreements to restrict competition and decrease output are interpreted as illegal.<ref>''See Broadcast Music, Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting Co.'', 441 U.S. 1, 20 (1979).</ref>

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| The courts have interpreted market sharing as illegal.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| The purpose of §2 of the Sherman Act is to thwart agreements meant to eliminate a competitor.<ref>''See McIntire v. Wm. Penn Broadcasting Co. of Philadelphia'', 151 F.2d 597 (3d Cir. 1945).</ref>

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| The court has found that bid rigging schemes can impair competition.<ref>''See Stolow v. Greg Manning Auctions, Inc.'', 258 F. Supp. 2d 236 (S.D.N.Y. 2003).</ref>

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Group boycotts violate the Sherman Act and the FTC Act.<ref>''See In re New Motor Vehicles Canadian Export Antitrust Litigation'', 350 F. Supp. 2d 160 (D. Me. 2004).</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Rule of Reason analysis for violations of the Clayton and Sherman Acts are based on factors such as efficiency and benefits to the economy.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Canada (August 23, 2000)

2007-10-12T14:01:02Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 24'''

''Governed by:'' Competition Act of 23 August 2000 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”).
<ref>http://www.sice.oas.org/compol/natleg/Canada/cpactind.asp</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| §92 gives the Tribunal power over any merger (domestic or foreign) that has an effect in Canada.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| §100 allows fines for failing to notify of a transaction.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| §100 allows the Tribunal to impose imprisonment for failing to notify.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| §92 allows the Tribunal to dissolve companies formed by impermissible mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| §36(1)(a) states that any person who suffered loss due to a violation of §45-§62 can initiate a private suit in any “competent jurisdiction.”

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| §36(1) provides for monetary remedies to third party initiators.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| §114 requires pre-merger notification for large mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| §114 requires pre-merger notification for large mergers.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| §92 makes market share part of the merger assessment, though not sufficient in itself.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| §92 allows Tribunal to issue a remedial order to any merger that is likely to prevent competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| §93 allows Tribunal to allow otherwise impermissible merger due to international competitiveness considerations.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| §93 allows Tribunal to consider business failure in merger calculus.

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| §96 contains an exception for mergers that are likely to bring about gains in efficiency.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| §78(e) prohibits “pre-emption of scarce facilities or resources . . . with the object of withholding the facilities or resources from a market.”

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| §78 and 79 prohibit abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| §50(1)(b) makes price setting (too low) a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| §50(1)(a) makes discriminatory pricing a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| §61(1) prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| §78 prohibits anti-competitive acts that prevent market entry.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| §85-90 allow the Commissioner to take into account gains in efficiency when evaluating the prohibited practices.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| §45 makes price setting to lessen competition a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| §77 prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| §45 makes output restraint to lessen competition a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| §50(1)(c) makes practices with the effect of eliminating a competitor a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| §47 makes bid rigging a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| §61(6) makes inducing a supply refusal a criminal offense.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| §85-90 allow the Commissioner to take into account gains in efficiency when evaluating the prohibited practices.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Nicaragua 2006

2007-10-12T13:59:55Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 20'''

''Governed by:'' Law of Promotion of Competition (Law No.601, approved on September 28, 2006)<ref>http://www.dgpsa.gob.ni/biblioteca/biblioteca_archivos/449/Ley%20601.%20Ley%20%20de%20promocion%20de%20la%20competencia..pdf</ref><ref>NOTE: The analysis of this statute is based upon our own translation.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 of the Competition Law extends to firms located outside Nicaragua.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 45.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 28(c).

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 41 (?)

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 25.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 25.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 26.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 26.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Article 4(d).

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 1
| Article 26 has an exception for business failure.

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 4(b).

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 19.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 19(f).

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 19(b).

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4(b).

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 18(a).

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 19(c), 19(d).

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 18(b).

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 18(d).

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 18(c)

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 18(e).

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 19(e).

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4(b).

|}

== References ==
<references />

Mexico (June 29, 2006)

2007-10-12T13:59:22Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 24'''

''Governed by:'' 1917 Constitution<ref>http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/n_america/Mexico/POLITICAL%20CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20UNITED%20MEXICAN%20STATES.pdf </ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Constitution), Federal Law on Economic Competition (Federal Register) of December 24, 1992<ref>http://www.apeccp.org.tw/doc/Mexico/Competition/mxcom1.html</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Law”), Regulations of the Federal Law on Economic Competition of March 4, 1998<ref>http://www.sice.oas.org/compol/natleg/Mexico/reglae.asp</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Regulations”), and Federal Economic Competition Law of 28 June 2006.<ref>http://www.cfc.gob.mx/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=180&Itemid=296%5D</ref><ref>The 2006 Amendments do not change the scoring for this report.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 3 of the Law says that the Law applies to any entity that participates in economic activities.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 35 of the Law allows fining for incurring an monopoly.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 35 of the Law says that the Commission can order a total or partial dissolution of an illegally formed enterprise.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 30 of the Law says that proceedings can be initiated as a result of a complaint from an interested party.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 38 of the Law says that injured parties can file suits for damages.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 20 of the Law requires prior notification of mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 20 of the Law requires prior notification of mergers.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 16 of the Law prohibits mergers that have the purpose or effect of diminishing competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 15 of the Regulations requires taking into consideration efficiency gains when assessing a merger.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 11 of the Law prohibits relative market restraints by dominant undertakings.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 7 of the Regulations prohibits price setting below market price.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 7 of the Regulations prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 10(II) of the Law prohibits RPM.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 10 of the Law prohibits contracts or agreements with the purpose or effect of substantially impeding access of other agents to the market.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 6 of the Regulations allows the Commission to take into account any benefits to competition that may result from allowing prohibited activities in certain cases.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 9(I) of the Law prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 10(III) of the Law prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 9(III) of the Law prohibits market division.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 9(II) of the Law prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 10(I) of the Law prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 10 of the Law prohibits agreements with the purpose or effect of driving other agents from the market.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 9(IV) of the Law prohibits bid rigging.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 10(V) of the Law prohibits supply refusals.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 6 of the Regulations allows the Commission to take into account any benefits to competition that may result from allowing prohibited activities in certain cases.

|}

== References ==
<references />

El Salvador (April 30, 1997)

2007-10-12T13:58:55Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 10'''

''Governed by:'' Article 110 of Constitution of El Salvador promulgated by Decree No. 28 of December 15, 1983 (hereinafter referred to as “Constitution”), Commercial Code Articles 489, 490, and 491 promulgated by Legislative Decree No. 671 of May 8, 1970 (hereinafter referred to as “Commercial Code”), and Criminal Code Article 232 promulgated by Legislative Decree No. 1030 of April 30, 1997 (hereinafter referred to as “Criminal Code”).
<ref>Full text of the Acts were not available so this report is based on excerpts from FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| The Criminal Code imposes fines and prison sentence for violations of Article 232.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| The Criminal Code imposes fines and prison sentence for violations of Article 232.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| The law provides for the initiate of contentious proceedings by the affected party.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 110 of the Constitution prohibits abusive monopolistic practices

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits discriminatory pricing and other trade conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits limiting production and development.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 232 of the Criminal Code prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

El Salvador (December, 2004)

2007-10-12T13:57:10Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 18'''

''Governed by:'' Competition Law of December 2004.<ref>http://www.minec.gob.sv/leyes/LeydeCompetencia_english_.pdf</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 38 provides for fines if prohibitions in the statute are violated.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Articles 40-42 say that a 3rd party can compel the enforcement agency to begin an investigation.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 33 says firms of a certain size must request authorization.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 33

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 33 considers the size of the resulting firm.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Article 34 talks about consumer benefits as well as market efficiency.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 34

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 30 leaves other possible abusive acts open.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 30(d)

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 30(a)

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 25(a)

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 26(a) & (b)

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 25(d) prohibits "Division of the market, either by territory, volume of sales or purchases, by type of good sold, customer or seller , or by any other means."

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 25(b) prohibits "Fixing or limiting quantity output."

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 25(c)

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Uruguay 2001

2007-10-12T13:52:24Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 15'''

''Governed by:'' Decree Governing Defense of Competition of March 15, 2001 (hereinafter referred to as “Decree”), Law No. 17, 243 of June 29, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as Law 17, 243), and Law No. 17, 296 of February 21, 2001 (hereinafter referred to as Law 17, 296).<ref>Full text of the Act was not available so report is based on excerpts from FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 applies national competition law to all firms whose activities reach the Uruguay marketplace.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 157 of Law 17, 296 allows the government to impose fines for repeated violations of Article 14 of law 17, 243.

Article 21 of the "Law of the Defense of the Competition" also imposes fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 2 of the Decree says that proceedings can be initiated by any affected person.

Article 10 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition allows for third-party initiation.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 23 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 23 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 3(1)(c) of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 14 of Law 17, 243 prohibits the abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 14(a) of Law 17, 243 prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 14(c) of Law 17, 243 prohibits applying unequal terms for similar transactions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 of the Law in Defense of Competition.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 14(a) of Law 17, 243 prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 14(d) of law 17, 243 prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 3(1)(e) of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 14(b) of Law 17, 243 prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 of the Law in Defense of Competition.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Uruguay 2001

2007-10-12T13:51:59Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 14'''

''Governed by:'' Decree Governing Defense of Competition of March 15, 2001 (hereinafter referred to as “Decree”), Law No. 17, 243 of June 29, 2000 (hereinafter referred to as Law 17, 243), and Law No. 17, 296 of February 21, 2001 (hereinafter referred to as Law 17, 296).<ref>Full text of the Act was not available so report is based on excerpts from FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 applies national competition law to all firms whose activities reach the Uruguay marketplace.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 157 of Law 17, 296 allows the government to impose fines for repeated violations of Article 14 of law 17, 243.

Article 21 of the "Law of the Defense of the Competition" also imposes fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 2 of the Decree says that proceedings can be initiated by any affected person.

Article 10 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition allows for third-party initiation.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 23 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 23 of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 3(1)(c) of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 14 of Law 17, 243 prohibits the abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 14(a) of Law 17, 243 prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 14(c) of Law 17, 243 prohibits applying unequal terms for similar transactions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 of the Law in Defense of Competition.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 14(a) of Law 17, 243 prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 14(d) of law 17, 243 prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 3(1)(e) of the Law of the Defense of the Competition.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 14(b) of Law 17, 243 prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 of the Law in Defense of Competition.

|}

== References ==
<references />

Paraguay ()

2007-10-12T13:51:26Z

AchalOza: Paraguay () moved to Paraguay (May 1, 2000)

#REDIRECT [[Paraguay (May 1, 2000)]]

Paraguay (May 1, 2000)

2007-10-12T13:51:26Z

AchalOza: Paraguay () moved to Paraguay (May 1, 2000)

'''Score = 2'''

''Governed by:'' Constitution of Paraguay Article 107<ref>Paraguay has no official competition statute yet.</ref> (hereinafter referred to as “Constitution”).<ref>http://www.oefre.unibe.ch/law/icl/pa00000_.html#C009_. </ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 0
|

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 107(2) of the Constitution bans the artificial increase or decrease in prices that restricts competition.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 107(2) of the Constitution bans the artificial increase or decrease in prices that restricts competition.

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Brazil 2000

2007-10-12T13:49:37Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 22'''

''Governed by:'' Law #8884 of June 11 1994<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/regions/s_america/Brazil/Legisla%E7%E3o%20Antitruste%20em%20ingl%EAs.PDF; http://www.seae.fazenda.gov.br/document_center/legislation/brazilian-antitrust-law.pdf</ref> last amended by Law No. 10149 of December 21, 2000<ref>Global Competition Forum website, http://www.fazenda.gov.br/seae/english/Legislation/law.pdf; http://www.seae.fazenda.gov.br/document_center/legislation/law.pdf</ref> (all hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2 says that the Act applies to anything that has an effect within Brazil.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Articles 23-27 imposes fines for certain violations.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Articles 29 and 30 provides a cause of action and possible remedies for injured 3rd parties.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 29 provides a cause of action and possible remedies for injured 3rd parties.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 54(4)<ref>The 1994 Act does not specify that the provisions of Article 54 are meant to apply to mergers and acquisitions but this is made clear in the 2000 amendment</ref> requires notification of mergers.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 1
| Article 54(4) says that the notification must come 15 days after the merger.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 54(3) defines a dominant position post-merger as a firm holding more than 20% of relevant market share.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 54 prohibits merger agreements that restrict competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 54(I)(c) allows an exception to the prohibition if the agreement increases efficiency.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 21(VI) prohibits limiting access of competitors to input, material, or equipment.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 20(IV) prohibits the abuse of one’s market control.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 21(I) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 21(XII) prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 21(XI) prohibits RPM.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 21(IV) prohibits limiting market access by new companies.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 21(I) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 21(XXIII) prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 21(III) prohibits market apportionment.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 21(X) prohibits limiting production and development.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 21(V) prohibits posing difficulties for the development of a competitor company.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 21(VIII) prohibits bid-rigging for public contracts.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 21(XIII) prohibits supply refusal.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />

Saudi Arabia 2004

2007-10-12T13:46:22Z

AchalOza:

'''Score = 18'''

''Governed by:'' Competition Law (Royal Decree No. M/25) of 22 June 2004<ref>Though it did not come into force until 31 December 2004; see: http://www.globalcompetitionforum.org/asia.htm#Saudi</ref> (herein after referred to as Competition Act).<ref>http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21040081~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 3 extends the Act's reach to any firm working withing Saudi Arabia's borders.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 15 grants the competition council the power to impose fines.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Article 15 grants the competition council the power to imprison offenders.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 16 allows the council to force a firm to "dispose of some of the assets, shares or proprietary rights, or to undertake any other action to remove the violation’s effects."

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 18 states that "Any natural or corporate person harmed by practices prohibited under the provisions of this Law may apply for compensation before the competent judicial body."

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 18 allows any person harmed by prohibited conduct to "apply for compensation before the competent judicial body"

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Article 15(3) states that "[a]nyone may file a grievance against the committee’s decisions with the Board of Grievances . . ."

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Article 6 requires notification at least 60 days prior to completion of the merger.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 6 requires notification at least 60 days prior to completion of the merger.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 5(2) prohibits "imposing restrictions on the supply of a commodity or service"

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 4(1) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 5(4) prohibits "refusing to deal with another firm without justification in order to restrict its entry into the market."

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 has a broad efficiency defense for both cartels and dominant firms.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 4(1) prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 5(3) prohibits tying arrangements made by dominant firms.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 4(6) prohibits dividing a market according to geographic regions.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Articles 4(8) and 4(2) prohibit output restraints.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 4(7) prohibits "[i]nfluencing the normal price of sale, purchase, or supply quotations of commodities and services whether in . . . bids or auctions"

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4 has a broad efficiency defense.

|}

== References ==
<references />