France, 2005 - Revision history

HCargill: added a point for third party initiation

2008-07-18T20:06:29Z

added a point for third party initiation

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:06, 18 July 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.		Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.

	'''Score = 25'''		'''Score = 26'''

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 34:		Line 34:
	\| Private Enforcement		\| Private Enforcement
	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill: cleaned up 2005

2008-07-16T18:08:01Z

cleaned up 2005

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 16 July 2008
Line 34:		Line 34:
	\| Private Enforcement		\| Private Enforcement
	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| ~~Art. L.440-1 allows third parties to initiate proceedings.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
Line 41:		Line 41:
	\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations.		\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
Line 162:		Line 162:
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Art.~~ L.420-2 ~~bans~~ tying.		\| Articles L.420-2 and L.442-1 ban tying.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.464-6-2 treats market division as a blatant anticompetitive restriction.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 18:00, 16 July 2008

2008-07-16T18:00:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:00, 16 July 2008
Line 70:		Line 70:
	\|		\|
	\| Post-merger		\| Post-merger
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

HCargill: added a point for tying (forgot it scores for dominant position, not just agreements), rescored.

2008-07-10T16:32:57Z

added a point for tying (forgot it scores for dominant position, not just agreements), rescored.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:32, 10 July 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.		Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.

	'''Score = 24'''		'''Score = 25'''

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 161:		Line 161:
	\|		\|
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-2 bans tying.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 11:22, 2 July 2008

2008-07-02T11:22:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:22, 2 July 2008
Line 29:		Line 29:
	\| Divestitures		\| Divestitures
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment of unauthorized~~, anticompetitive~~ mergers.		\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

HCargill: recoded for divestitures.

2008-07-02T11:19:52Z

recoded for divestitures.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:19, 2 July 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.		Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.

	'''Score = 23'''		'''Score = 24'''

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 28:		Line 28:
	\|		\|
	\| Divestitures		\| Divestitures
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment of unauthorized, anticompetitive mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

HCargill: finished 2005 statute.

2008-06-26T15:55:02Z

finished 2005 statute.

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 26 June 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~'''This page is currently under construction. Check back in early July.'''~~

	Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.		Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.

	'''Score = 24'''		'''Score = 23'''

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
Line 48:		Line 46:
	\|		\|
	\| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings		\| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.463-1, "interested parties" may participate in proceedings.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
Line 194:		Line 192:
	\|		\|
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-1(4) bans market sharing. French authorities have, on at least one occasion, treated bid rigging as market sharing.<ref>See the Drapo Software case, details from the French Competition Council, at http://www.conseil-concurrence.fr/user/standard.php?id_rub=185&id_article=542</ref>

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-2 prohibits supply refusal

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L-420-4 offers a limited efficiency defense for otherwise prohibited practices.

	\|}		\|}

	~~== References ==~~
	~~<references />~~


	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

HCargill at 15:29, 26 June 2008

2008-06-26T15:29:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:29, 26 June 2008
Line 19:		Line 19:
	\| Fines		\| Fines
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.		\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

	\|-		\|-
Line 25:		Line 25:
	\| Prison Sentences		\| Prison Sentences
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.		\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

	\|-		\|-
Line 37:		Line 37:
	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.440-1 allows third parties to initiate proceedings.		\| Art. L.440-1 allows third parties to initiate proceedings.

	\|-		\|-
Line 43:		Line 43:
	\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations.		\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations.

	\|-		\|-
Line 61:		Line 61:
	\| Mandatory		\| Mandatory
	\| 3		\| 3
	\| ~~Article~~ L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge.		\| Art. L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge.

	\|-		\|-
Line 67:		Line 67:
	\| Pre-merger		\| Pre-merger
	\| 2		\| 2
	\| ~~Article~~ L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge. However, article L. 430-4 allows companies to merge while awaiting approval under urgent circumstances.		\| Art. L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge. However, article L. 430-4 allows companies to merge while awaiting approval under urgent circumstances.

	\|-		\|-
Line 79:		Line 79:
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.430-6 requires consideration of dominance as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.		\| Art. L.430-6 requires consideration of dominance as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

	\|-		\|-
Line 85:		Line 85:
	\| Restriction of Competition		\| Restriction of Competition
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article~~ L.430-6 requires consideration of the effects on competition as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.		\| Art. L.430-6 requires consideration of the effects on competition as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

	\|-		\|-
Line 114:		Line 114:
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.442-1 (citing Articles 121-35 and 122-1 of the Consumer code) prohibits refusing to sell to consumers. Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1) prohibits limiting production.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Abusive Acts		\| Abusive Acts
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-2 prohibits abuse of a dominant position.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Price Setting		\| Price Setting
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\|Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1) prohibits price setting.


	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-2 prohibits discriminatory pricing.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.442-5 prohibits resale price maintenance.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1)prohibits creating obstacles to entry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-4 allows otherwise prohibited practices if they promote more efficient practices, especially for small and medium sized companies.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Restrictive Trade Practices		\| Restrictive Trade Practices
	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-1 bans price fixing.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

Line 168:		Line 169:
	\|		\|
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

Line 174:		Line 175:
	\|		\|
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\|		\|1
	\|		\|Art. L.420-1(3) bans output restraint.


	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Art. L.420-1(4) bans market sharing.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

Line 192:		Line 194:
	\|		\|
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

HCargill at 18:11, 25 June 2008

2008-06-25T18:11:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:11, 25 June 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
			'''This page is currently under construction. Check back in early July.'''

	Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.		Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref> The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de commerce (commercial code).<ref> most recent version of the commercial code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref> Unless otherwise specified, all provisions cited refer to the Code de commerce.

HCargill at 20:07, 24 June 2008

2008-06-24T20:07:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 24 June 2008
Line 106:		Line 106:
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency		\| Efficiency
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| ~~Article L.430-6 allows consideration of~~		\|

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\| 0		\|
	\|		\|

Line 118:		Line 118:
	\|		\|
	\| Abusive Acts		\| Abusive Acts
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 prohibits abusive exploitation by a dominant enterprise.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Price Setting		\| Price Setting
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 applies the restriction on price setting as established in Article 7 to dominant companies.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 bans discriminatory pricing by dominant companies.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 32 bans RPM when the distributor sets a minimum price (but not for setting a max price)~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\| 0		\|
	\|		\|

Line 148:		Line 148:
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 10(2) offers a defense for showing that the effect of the acts if they ensure economic progress.~~		\|

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Restrictive Trade Practices		\| Restrictive Trade Practices
	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 7(2) prohibits price fixing.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 prohibits tying arrangements.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 7(4) prohibits allocating markets or sources of supply.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 7(3) prohibits limiting or controlling production.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 7(4) prohibits allocating markets or sources of supply.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 7(1) prohibits agreements that limits access to the market or free exercise of competition by other enterprises.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\| 0		\|
	\|		\|

Line 196:		Line 196:
	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 prohibits refusing to sell.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 10 exempts for Article 7 and 8 agreements that have the effect of ensuring economic progress.~~		\|

	\|}		\|}