France/EU, 2005 - Revision history

HCargill at 20:26, 18 August 2008

2008-08-18T20:26:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:26, 18 August 2008
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	'''Score = 26'''		'''Score = 27'''

	'''Governed by:'''		'''Governed by:'''
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	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 81(1)(b) bans refusal to supply.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 21:13, 14 August 2008

2008-08-14T21:13:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 14 August 2008
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	~~'''This page is currently under construction. Please check back in mid-August, 2008.'''~~

	'''Score = 26'''		'''Score = 26'''

HCargill at 13:50, 6 August 2008

2008-08-06T13:50:32Z

Show changes

HCargill at 13:33, 6 August 2008

2008-08-06T13:33:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:33, 6 August 2008
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	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\|Remedies		\|Remedies
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Fines		\|Fines
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| 1		\| 1
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.		\|Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

	\|-		\|-
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\|		\|
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Prison Sentences		\| Prison Sentences
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| 1		\| 1
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.		\|Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

	\|-		\|-
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\|		\|
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Divestitures		\| Divestitures
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| 1		\| 1
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.		\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Private Enforcement		\|Private Enforcement
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\|3rd Party Initiation		\|3rd Party Initiation
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| 1		\|1
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\|		\|
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| 1		\| 1
	~~\|style="background:lemonchiffon"~~\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 22:16, 25 July 2008

2008-07-25T22:16:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:16, 25 July 2008
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Score = 26'''		'''Score = 26'''

			''Governed by:'' Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty on European Union, and EU Regulation 1/2003, as well as national legislation.<ref>EU statutes and regulations available online from the European Competition Network, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/ecn/documents.html</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
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	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|Remedies		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|Remedies
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Fines		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Fines
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~" \| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Prison Sentences		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Prison Sentences
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Divestitures		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Divestitures
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Private Enforcement		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Private Enforcement
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\|3rd Party Initiation		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|3rd Party Initiation
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 22:07, 25 July 2008

2008-07-25T22:07:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:07, 25 July 2008
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	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Private Enforcement		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Private Enforcement
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 3rd Party Initiation		\|style="background:peachpuff"\|3rd Party Initiation
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:peachpuff"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill at 22:01, 25 July 2008

2008-07-25T22:01:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:01, 25 July 2008
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	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Remedies		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\|Remedies
	\| Fines		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Fines
	\| 1		\|style="background:Peachpuff" \| 1
	\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\|
	\| Prison Sentences		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Prison Sentences
	\| 1		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| 1
	\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\|
	\| Divestitures		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Divestitures
	\| 1		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| 1
	\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Private Enforcement		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Private Enforcement
	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 1		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| 1
	\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\|
	\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\| 1		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| 1
	\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:Peachpuff"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

HCargill: New page: '''This page is currently under construction. Please check back in mid-August, 2008.''' '''Score = 26''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment |- class="...

2008-07-25T21:40:11Z

New page: '''This page is currently under construction. Please check back in mid-August, 2008.''' '''Score = 26''' {| class="wikitable" |- ! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment |- class="...

New page

'''This page is currently under construction. Please check back in mid-August, 2008.'''

'''Score = 26'''

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article L.420-1 extends the scope of the act outside of France in limited circumstances.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 1
| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Art. L.463-1, "interested parties" may participate in proceedings.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Art. L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Art. L.430-2 requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge. However, article L. 430-4 allows companies to merge while awaiting approval under urgent circumstances.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 requires consideration of dominance as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 requires consideration of the effects on competition as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 requires consideration of public public interest, especially with regard to international competitors, when deciding whether to permit a merger.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Art. L.442-1 (citing Articles 121-35 and 122-1 of the Consumer code) prohibits refusing to sell to consumers. Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1) prohibits limiting production.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Art. L.420-2 prohibits abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
|Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1) prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Art. L.420-2 prohibits discriminatory pricing.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Art. L.442-5 prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Art. L.420-2 (referencing L.420-1)prohibits creating obstacles to entry.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. L.420-4 allows otherwise prohibited practices if they promote more efficient practices, especially for small and medium sized companies.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Art. L.420-1 bans price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Articles L.420-2 and L.442-1 ban tying.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Art. L.464-6-2 treats market division as a blatant anticompetitive restriction.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
|1
|Art. L.420-1(3) bans output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Art. L.420-1(4) bans market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Art. L.420-1(4) bans market sharing. French authorities have, on at least one occasion, treated bid rigging as market sharing.<ref>See the Drapo Software case, details from the French Competition Council, at http://www.conseil-concurrence.fr/user/standard.php?id_rub=185&id_article=542</ref>

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Art. L.420-2 prohibits supply refusal

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Art. L-420-4 offers a limited efficiency defense for otherwise prohibited practices.

|}

== References ==
<references />

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:16, 25 July 2008
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Score = 26'''		'''Score = 26'''

			''Governed by:'' Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty on European Union, and EU Regulation 1/2003, as well as national legislation.<ref>EU statutes and regulations available online from the European Competition Network, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/ecn/documents.html</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-
Line 14:		Line 16:

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|Remedies		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|Remedies
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Fines		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Fines
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~" \| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Prison Sentences		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Prison Sentences
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.420-6 allows for prison sentences of up to four years for violations of the competition statute.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Divestitures		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Divestitures
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Are. L.430-8 authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Private Enforcement		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Private Enforcement
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\|3rd Party Initiation		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|3rd Party Initiation
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\|
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:lemonchiffon"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:07, 25 July 2008
Line 32:		Line 32:

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Private Enforcement		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Private Enforcement
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 3rd Party Initiation		\|style="background:peachpuff"\|3rd Party Initiation
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\|		\|style="background:peachpuff"\|
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| 1		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| 1
	\|style="background:~~Peachpuff~~"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.		\|style="background:peachpuff"\| Art. L.442-6 establishes liability for a small set of competition violations. L.470-7 lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

	\|-		\|-