France/EU, 2009 - Revision history

Jlee at 17:28, 13 October 2010

2010-10-13T17:28:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 13 October 2010
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Governed by:'''		'''Governed by:'''
	*''EU law:''		*''EU law:''
	:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the TFEU.		:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?

			uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the TFEU.
	:* Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref>		:* Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref>

Line 55:		Line 57:

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Merger Notification<ref>The National Competition Authority will assess mergers under the National Competition Act. If the concentration affects trade between the Member States, the European Commission will assess the merger under Regulation 139/2004. See the coding for the European Commission for those provisions.</ref>		\| Merger Notification<ref>The National Competition Authority will assess mergers under the National Competition Act. If the concentration affects trade between the Member States, the European Commission will assess the merger under

			Regulation 139/2004. See the coding for the European Commission for those provisions.</ref>
	\| Voluntary		\| Voluntary
	\| 0		\| 0
Line 118:		Line 122:
	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82(b) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits limiting production.		\| Article 102(b) of the TEFF prohibits limiting production.

	\|-		\|-
Line 124:		Line 128:
	\| Abusive Acts		\| Abusive Acts
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82 of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits abuse of a dominant position.		\| Article 102 of the TEFF prohibits abuse of a dominant position.

	\|-		\|-
Line 130:		Line 134:
	\| Price Setting		\| Price Setting
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82(a) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits price setting.		\| Article 102(a) of the TEFF prohibits price setting.

	\|-		\|-
Line 136:		Line 140:
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82(c) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits discriminatory conditions.		\| Article 102(c) of the TEFF prohibits discriminatory conditions.

	\|-		\|-
Line 142:		Line 146:
	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82(a) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits resale price maintenance.		\| Article 102(a) of the TEFF prohibits resale price maintenance.

	\|-		\|-
Line 148:		Line 152:
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 82 of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits using predatory pricing to drive competitors from the market<ref>See the EC antitrust overview, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/overview_en.html</ref>		\| Article 102 of the TEFF prohibits using predatory pricing to drive competitors from the market<ref>See the EC antitrust overview, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/overview_en.html</ref>

	\|-		\|-
Line 160:		Line 164:
	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1)(a) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits price fixing.		\| Article 101(1)(a) of the TEFF prohibits price fixing.

	\|-		\|-
Line 166:		Line 170:
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1)(e) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits tying.		\| Article 101(1)(e) of the TEFF prohibits tying.

	\|-		\|-
Line 172:		Line 176:
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81 of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits market division<ref>Although the wording of the treaty seems to apply to market sharing, the EC also considers market division illegal. See the EU press release at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/29&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>		\| Article 101 of the TEFF prohibits market division<ref>Although the wording of the treaty seems to apply to market sharing, the EC also considers market division illegal. See the EU press release at

			http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/29&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>


Line 179:		Line 185:
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1)(b)of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits limiting production.		\| Article 101(1)(b)of the TEFF prohibits limiting production.

	\|-		\|-
Line 185:		Line 191:
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1)(c)of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits market sharing.		\| Article 101(1)(c)of the TEFF prohibits market sharing.

	\|-		\|-
Line 191:		Line 197:
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1) of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.		\| Article 101(1) of the TEFF prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.

	\|-		\|-
Line 197:		Line 203:
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81 of the ~~EC treaty~~ prohibits bid-rigging.<ref>Although not explicitly stated in the statute, bid-rigging is considered anti-competitive behavior. See the case involving gas insulated switchgear, at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/80&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>		\| Article 101 of the TEFF prohibits bid-rigging.<ref>Although not explicitly stated in the statute, bid-rigging is considered anti-competitive behavior. See the case involving gas insulated switchgear, at

			http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/80&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>

	\|-		\|-
Line 203:		Line 211:
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(1)(b) bans refusal to supply.		\| Article 101(1)(b) bans refusal to supply.

	\|-		\|-
Line 209:		Line 217:
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 81(3)of the ~~EC treaty~~ allows an efficiency defense.		\| Article 101(3)of the TEFF allows an efficiency defense.

	\|}		\|}

Jlee at 17:24, 13 October 2010

2010-10-13T17:24:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:24, 13 October 2010
Line 4:		Line 4:
	*''EU law:''		*''EU law:''
	:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the TFEU.		:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the TFEU.
	:* Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref> ~~and~~		:* Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref>

	Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.		Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.

Jlee at 17:23, 13 October 2010

2010-10-13T17:23:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:23, 13 October 2010
Line 3:		Line 3:
	'''Governed by:'''		'''Governed by:'''
	*''EU law:''		*''EU law:''
	:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the ~~EC treaty~~		:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the TFEU.
	:* Regulation 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref> and		:* Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref> and

	Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.		Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.

Jlee at 17:20, 13 October 2010

2010-10-13T17:20:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:20, 13 October 2010
Line 8:		Line 8:
	Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.		Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.

	*''French Law:''
	:*Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref>
	:*The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de Commerce.<ref> most recent version of the Code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|-		\|-

Jlee at 17:18, 13 October 2010

2010-10-13T17:18:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:18, 13 October 2010
Line 4:		Line 4:
	*''EU law:''		*''EU law:''
	:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the EC treaty		:* Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the EC treaty
	:* Regulation 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu~~/comm~~/competition/antitrust/legislation/~~legislation~~.html</ref> and		:* Regulation 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/competition/antitrust/legislation/regulations.html</ref> and

	Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.		Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.

Jlee: New page: '''Score = 27''' '''Governed by:''' ''EU law:'' : Articles 101available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT and 102
2010-10-13T17:17:40Z

New page: '''Score = 27''' '''Governed by:''' ''EU law:'' : Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<r...

New page
'''Score = 27'''

'''Governed by:'''
''EU law:''
: Articles 101<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:NOT</ref> and 102<ref>available from the EC at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E102:EN:NOT</ref> of the EC treaty
:* Regulation 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 <ref> Available at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/legislation/legislation.html</ref> and

Note: With effect from 1 December 2009, Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty have become Articles 101 and 102 respectively of the TFEU.

''French Law:''
:Some French competition law is codified in provisions of the code de la consommation (consumer code).<ref>Available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069565&dateTexte=20080624</ref>
:*The majority is contained in Livre (book) IV of the Code de Commerce.<ref> most recent version of the Code available in French at http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?dateTexte=20080624&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000005634379&fastReqId=239729146&fastPos=6&oldAction=rechCodeArticle</ref><ref>Limited English version available at http://195.83.177.9/code/liste.phtml?lang=uk&c=32&r=3094</ref><ref>The French Commercial Code in English 2005, Philip Raworth translator, 2005, Dobbs Ferry, NY, Oceana Publications, Inc.</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| EU law governs whenever conduct has effects on trade between Member States pursuant to Article 3 of Regulation 1/2003.

|- class="categorydivision"
|Remedies
|Fines
| 1
|Art. L.420-6 of the Code de Commerce allows for fines for violations of competitive practices. Article L.430-8 allows for fines for improper merger.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
| The Code de Commerce does not provide for prison sentences for violations of EU law; however, violations of the ''national'' law can result in prison sentences.

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Are. L.430-8 of the Code de Commerce authorizes divestment in the case of unauthorized mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
|Private Enforcement
|3rd Party Initiation
|1
|L.470-7 of the Code de Commerce lets trade organizations file civil suits for practices affecting their industry.

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Private enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 of the EC treaty is mandated and encouraged by the European Commission.<ref>http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/actionsdamages/files_white_paper/whitepaper_en.pdf</ref>

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| Art. L.463-1 of the Code de Commerce states that "interested parties" may participate in proceedings.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification<ref>The National Competition Authority will assess mergers under the National Competition Act. If the concentration affects trade between the Member States, the European Commission will assess the merger under Regulation 139/2004. See the coding for the European Commission for those provisions.</ref>
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 3
| Art. L.430-2 of the Code de Commerce requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge.

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Art. L.430-2 of the Code de Commerce requires that large companies get government approval before or when they merge. However, article L. 430-4 allows companies to merge while awaiting approval under urgent circumstances.

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 of the Code de Commerce requires consideration of dominance as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 of the Code de Commerce requires consideration of the effects on competition as part of the decision whether to grant a merger.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| Art. L.430-6 of the Code de Commerce requires consideration of public public interest, especially with regard to international competitors, when deciding whether to permit a merger.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 82(b) of the EC treaty prohibits limiting production.

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| Article 82 of the EC treaty prohibits abuse of a dominant position.

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 82(a) of the EC treaty prohibits price setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 82(c) of the EC treaty prohibits discriminatory conditions.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 82(a) of the EC treaty prohibits resale price maintenance.

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 82 of the EC treaty prohibits using predatory pricing to drive competitors from the market<ref>See the EC antitrust overview, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/antitrust/overview_en.html</ref>

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 81(1)(a) of the EC treaty prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 81(1)(e) of the EC treaty prohibits tying.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 81 of the EC treaty prohibits market division<ref>Although the wording of the treaty seems to apply to market sharing, the EC also considers market division illegal. See the EU press release at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/29&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 81(1)(b)of the EC treaty prohibits limiting production.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 81(1)(c)of the EC treaty prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 81(1) of the EC treaty prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 81 of the EC treaty prohibits bid-rigging.<ref>Although not explicitly stated in the statute, bid-rigging is considered anti-competitive behavior. See the case involving gas insulated switchgear, at http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/07/80&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en</ref>

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| Article 81(1)(b) bans refusal to supply.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 81(3)of the EC treaty allows an efficiency defense.

|}

== References ==
<references />