Honduras 2006 - Revision history

Kajrozga at 20:55, 3 February 2009

2009-02-03T20:55:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:55, 3 February 2009
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	'''Score = 20 '''		'''Score = 20 '''

	''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree No. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

KNovak at 16:43, 9 July 2008

2008-07-09T16:43:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 9 July 2008
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	'''Score = 19 '''		'''Score = 20 '''

	''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>
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	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 7(7) prohibits contracts, agreements, concerted practices or arrangements that limit the production, distribution or technological development by an operator to the detriment of other operators or consumers.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 7(7) ~~prohibits~~ contracts, agreements, concerted practices or arrangements that ~~limit~~ the production, distribution or ~~technological development by an operator to the detriment~~ of ~~other operators~~ or ~~consumers~~.		\| Article 5(2) makes contracts, agreements, concerted practices or arrangements that restrict all or part of the production, distribution, marketing or supply of goods or services illegal per se.

	\|-		\|-

KNovak at 15:20, 9 July 2008

2008-07-09T15:20:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:20, 9 July 2008
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	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 7(7) prohibits contracts, agreements, concerted practices or arrangements that limit the production, distribution or technological development by an operator to the detriment of other operators or consumers.

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 5(2) makes contracts, agreements, concerted practices or arrangements that restrict all or part of the production, distribution, marketing or supply of goods or services illegal per se.

	\|-		\|-

KNovak at 15:03, 9 July 2008

2008-07-09T15:03:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 9 July 2008
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	\| Restrictive Trade Practices		\| Restrictive Trade Practices
	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 5(1) states that price fixing is illegal per se.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 7(4) prohibits tying.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 7(1) prohibits market division.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 5(3) states that market sharing is illegal per se.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

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	\|		\|
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 5(4) states that acting in concert to either participate or abstain from tenders, quotations or public auctions is illegal per se.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

KNovak at 14:59, 9 July 2008

2008-07-09T14:59:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 9 July 2008
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	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

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	\|		\|
	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 7(2) prohibits resale price maintenance.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\|		\| 0
	\|		\|

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	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 9 allows agreements or behaviors that generate increases in economic efficiency and consumer welfare offseting the negative impact on free competition.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 9 allows agreements or behaviors that generate increases in economic efficiency and consumer welfare offseting the negative impact on free competition.

	\|}		\|}

KNovak at 20:53, 8 July 2008

2008-07-08T20:53:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:53, 8 July 2008
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	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 25(2) ~~mandates that~~ market ~~power and degree~~ of concentration be ~~taken into account when determining which concentrations shall be challenged or sanctioned~~.		\| Article 16(1) requires market share of the agents involved in the concentration to be assessed regarding compliance with the law.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Restriction of Competition		\| Restriction of Competition
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 19 prohibits ~~mergers~~ that have the effect of ~~impeding~~ competition.		\| Article 12 prohibits concentrations that have the purpose or effect of restricting, reducing, damaging or preventing competition.

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Other		\| Other
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 16(4) allows the authority to assess the need for the economic concentration as the only choice to prevent the involved agents' exit from the market.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Efficiency		\| Efficiency
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 19 allows for an efficiency defense ~~if the concentration would yield certain benefits like increasing the production or distribution of goods~~ and ~~services, promoting technical or economic progress or driving the competitive development of an industry or sector~~.		\| Article 12 allows for an efficiency defense for concentrations that generate increases in economic efficiency and consumer welfare.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| ~~Article 14(5) prohibits “unilateral action consisting in refusing to sell or provide, to certain persons, goods or services.”~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Price Setting		\| Price Setting
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| ~~Article 11(1) prohibits prices setting.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\| 1		\|
	\| Article 8(7) of the Monopoly Decree of 1998 prohibited discriminatory pricing.<ref>http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCOMPLEGALDB/Resources/500.pdf</ref> Article 14 of the Competition Act prohibits general discriminatory practices.		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 14(2) prohibits resale price maintenance~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to prevent a potential competitor from entering the market.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.~~		\|

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Restrictive Trade Practices		\| Restrictive Trade Practices
	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 11(1) of the Act prohibits price fixing.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 14(3) prohibits tying arrangements.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 11(3) prohibits market division.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 11(2) prohibits output restraint.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 14(1) prohibits market sharing.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to squeeze a competitor out of a market.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 11(4) prohibits bid rigging.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Supply Refusal		\| Supply Refusal
	\| 0		\|
	\|		\|

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	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.~~		\|

	\|}		\|}

KNovak at 20:44, 8 July 2008

2008-07-08T20:44:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:44, 8 July 2008
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	\| Merger Notification		\| Merger Notification
	\| Voluntary		\| Voluntary
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| ~~Article 20 allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Mandatory		\| Mandatory
	\| 0		\| 3
	\|		\| Article 13 requires mandatory notification of intended concentrations although prior verification is generally voluntary.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Pre-merger		\| Pre-merger
	\| 2		\| 2
	\| Article ~~20 allows for voluntary~~ notification ~~of concentrations before realization. The Competition Authority has 3 years~~ to ~~challenge any realized concentrations of which it was not voluntarily notified beforehand (Article 22)~~.		\| Article 13 requires notification to be pre-merger.

	\|-		\|-

KNovak at 20:42, 8 July 2008

2008-07-08T20:42:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:42, 8 July 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Score = 18 '''		'''Score = 19 '''

	''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>
Line 17:		Line 17:
	\| Fines		\| Fines
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Article 27 allows for treble damages plus costs and Article 112 dictates~~ fines ~~for various violations of the Act~~.		\| Articles 37-39, 41 deal with fines.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Divestitures		\| Divestitures
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 26(2) allows total or partial divestitures of improper mergers.		\| Article 19(1) allows total or partial divestitures of improper mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article ~~142 gives any affected or concerned person the capacity~~ to file ~~a claim~~.		\| Article 49 allows outside parties to file complaints with the authority.
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article ~~142~~ allows actions ~~seeking compensation for damages~~.		\| Article 58 allows all concerned parties to seek damages through civil actions.

	\|-		\|-

KNovak at 20:01, 8 July 2008

2008-07-08T20:01:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:01, 8 July 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Score = 18 '''		'''Score = 18 '''

	''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006(hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	\| Extraterritoriality		\| Extraterritoriality
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 2<ref>all references are to the Competition Act unless otherwise indicated</ref> states that the scope of the law extends to ~~all acts or practices having~~ an effect ~~in Panama, regardless~~ of ~~where they develop~~.		\| Article 4<ref>all references are to the Competition Act unless otherwise indicated</ref> states that the scope of the law extends to those whose activities have an effect within the national territory of Honduras.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

KNovak: New page: '''Score = 18 ''' ''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006(hereinafter referred ...

2008-07-08T19:59:11Z

New page: '''Score = 18 ''' ''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006(hereinafter referred ...

New page

'''Score = 18 '''

''Governed by:'' The Law for the Defense and Promotion of Competition, Decree no. 527-2005 of November 26, 2005, entered into force in January 2006(hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326341~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21326314~menuPK:2137514~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision"
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 1
| Article 2<ref>all references are to the Competition Act unless otherwise indicated</ref> states that the scope of the law extends to all acts or practices having an effect in Panama, regardless of where they develop.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 1
| Article 27 allows for treble damages plus costs and Article 112 dictates fines for various violations of the Act.

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 1
| Article 26(2) allows total or partial divestitures of improper mergers.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| Article 142 gives any affected or concerned person the capacity to file a claim.
|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| Article 142 allows actions seeking compensation for damages.

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 1
| Article 20 allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 20 allows for voluntary notification of concentrations before realization. The Competition Authority has 3 years to challenge any realized concentrations of which it was not voluntarily notified beforehand (Article 22).

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 1
| Article 25(2) mandates that market power and degree of concentration be taken into account when determining which concentrations shall be challenged or sanctioned.

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| Article 19 prohibits mergers that have the effect of impeding competition.

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 1
| Article 19 allows for an efficiency defense if the concentration would yield certain benefits like increasing the production or distribution of goods and services, promoting technical or economic progress or driving the competitive development of an industry or sector.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 1
| Article 14(5) prohibits “unilateral action consisting in refusing to sell or provide, to certain persons, goods or services.”

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 1
| Article 11(1) prohibits prices setting.

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| Article 8(7) of the Monopoly Decree of 1998 prohibited discriminatory pricing.<ref>http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCOMPLEGALDB/Resources/500.pdf</ref> Article 14 of the Competition Act prohibits general discriminatory practices.

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| Article 14(2) prohibits resale price maintenance

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to prevent a potential competitor from entering the market.

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 1
| Article 11(1) of the Act prohibits price fixing.

|-
|
| Tying
| 1
| Article 14(3) prohibits tying arrangements.

|-
|
| Market Division
| 1
| Article 11(3) prohibits market division.

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 1
| Article 11(2) prohibits output restraint.

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 1
| Article 14(1) prohibits market sharing.

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to squeeze a competitor out of a market.

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| Article 11(4) prohibits bid rigging.

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.

|}

== References ==
<references />