Latvia (Jan 1, 1998) - Revision history

Kajrozga at 19:45, 4 January 2008

2008-01-04T19:45:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:45, 4 January 2008
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	''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)		''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)
	<ref>The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia states on its website (http://www.latviaspb.ru/en/eu/history/4358/4359/4365/) that the 1997 Act reflects the substance of Article 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. However, text of the actual statute could not be found. Therefore, substance of law was coded based on an OECD report, and may ~~not accurately reflect~~ the ~~entire~~ scope of the law: OECD Global Forum on Competition, Sept 21 2001, available at http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/ENGDIRCORPLOOK/NT00004E56/$FILE/JT00113087.PDF (hereinafter referred to as "OECD")</ref>		<ref>The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia states on its website (http://www.latviaspb.ru/en/eu/history/4358/4359/4365/) that the 1997 Act reflects the substance of Article 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. However, text of the actual statute could not be found. Therefore, substance of the law was coded based on an OECD report, and may under-state the scope of the law: OECD Global Forum on Competition, Sept 21 2001, available at http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/ENGDIRCORPLOOK/NT00004E56/$FILE/JT00113087.PDF (hereinafter referred to as "OECD")</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Kajrozga at 19:44, 4 January 2008

2008-01-04T19:44:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:44, 4 January 2008
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	''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)		''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)
	<ref>~~Actual~~ statute could not be found. ~~Substance~~ of law ~~found using~~ an OECD report ~~as secondary sources~~: OECD Global Forum on Competition, Sept 21 2001, available at http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/ENGDIRCORPLOOK/NT00004E56/$FILE/JT00113087.PDF (hereinafter referred to as "OECD")</ref>		<ref>The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia states on its website (http://www.latviaspb.ru/en/eu/history/4358/4359/4365/) that the 1997 Act reflects the substance of Article 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. However, text of the actual statute could not be found. Therefore, substance of law was coded based on an OECD report, and may not accurately reflect the entire scope of the law: OECD Global Forum on Competition, Sept 21 2001, available at http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/ENGDIRCORPLOOK/NT00004E56/$FILE/JT00113087.PDF (hereinafter referred to as "OECD")</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Kajrozga at 19:36, 4 January 2008

2008-01-04T19:36:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:36, 4 January 2008
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	'''Score = '''		'''Score = 10'''

	''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)		''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)

Kajrozga at 19:35, 4 January 2008

2008-01-04T19:35:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:35, 4 January 2008
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	\| Remedies		\| Remedies
	\| Fines		\| Fines
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| The Competition Council can impose fines on firms that violate the Act. <ref>OECD at 9</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Private Enforcement		\| Private Enforcement
	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| The Competition Council has initiated investigations based on third party complaints. <ref>OECD at 4</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Merger Notification		\| Merger Notification
	\| Voluntary		\| Voluntary
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 19 of the Act contains a merger notification requirement, though it is unclear whether it is voluntary or mandatory. <ref>OECD at 2, 9</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Post-merger		\| Post-merger
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 19 of the Act requires merger notification after the merger has taken effect.<ref>OECD at 9</ref>

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
	\| Merger Assessment		\| Merger Assessment
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| In assessing a merger, the Competition Council considers the resulting "market power" of the merging intentities. <ref>OECD at 10, 12</ref>

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Restriction of Competition		\| Restriction of Competition
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| In assessing the validity of a merger, the Competition Council considers it in "regard to the development
			and preservation of competition." <ref>OECD at 10</ref>

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Public Interest (Pro D)		\| Public Interest (Pro D)
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| The Competition Council will consider the effect of an agreement on its ability to increase exports and its effect on "customers’ welfare."<ref>OECD at 10</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency		\| Efficiency
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| In assessing a merger, the Competition Council considers "possible benefits or losses for consumers and society"<ref>OECD at 10</ref>

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\|		\|
	\| Abusive Acts		\| Abusive Acts
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| The Act prohibits abuse of a dominant position. <ref>OECD at 2</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| In evaluating draft legislation, the Competition Council looked down on dominant firms that create barriers to market entry. <ref>OECD at 4</ref>. Furthermore, in Article 1.2, in defining a dominant position, the Act consider whether a firm can "significantly prevent, restrict or distort competition." <ref> OECD at 5</ref>

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| The Act forbids an agreement that limits flow of services to the market<ref>OECD at 15</ref>

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| In evaluating draft legislation, the Competition Council looked negatively upon market sharing. <ref>OECD at 3</ref>

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 15 of The Act prohibits agreements that restrict competition.<ref>OECD at 2, 6, 8</ref>

	\|-		\|-

Kajrozga: New page: '''Score = ''' ''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”) Actual statute could not be found...

2008-01-04T18:31:25Z

New page: '''Score = ''' ''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”) <ref>Actual statute could not be found...

New page

'''Score = '''

''Governed by:'' Competition Law of June 18, 1997, came into force January 1 1998 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)
<ref>Actual statute could not be found. Substance of law found using an OECD report as secondary sources: OECD Global Forum on Competition, Sept 21 2001, available at http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2001doc.nsf/ENGDIRCORPLOOK/NT00004E56/$FILE/JT00113087.PDF (hereinafter referred to as "OECD")</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Category !! Subcategory !! Score !! Comment

|- class="categorydivision
| Scope
| Extraterritoriality
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Remedies
| Fines
| 0
|

|-
|
| Prison Sentences
| 0
|

|-
|
| Divestitures
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Private Enforcement
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 0
|

|-
|
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 0
|

|-
|
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| 0
|

|-
|
| Mandatory
| 0
|

|-
|
| Pre-merger
| 0
|

|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Restriction of Competition
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 0
|

|-
|
| Other
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| 0
|

|-
|
| Abusive Acts
| 0
|

|-
|
| Price Setting
| 0
|

|-
|
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 0
|

|-
|
| Obstacles to Entry
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|- class="categorydivision"
| Restrictive Trade Practices
| Price Fixing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Tying
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Division
| 0
|

|-
|
| Output Restraint
| 0
|

|-
|
| Market Sharing
| 0
|

|-
|
| Eliminating Competitors
| 0
|

|-
|
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 0
|

|-
|
| Supply Refusal
| 0
|

|-
|
| Efficiency Defense
| 0
|

|}

== References ==
<references />