Panama (2006) - Revision history

Kajrozga at 21:24, 3 February 2009

2009-02-03T21:24:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:24, 3 February 2009
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	'''Score = 21 '''		'''Score = 21 '''

	''Governed by:'' Law 29 of February 1, 1996, as amended by Law 9 of February 20,2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21081222~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21080815~menuPK:2137516~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' Law 29 of February 1, 1996, as amended by Law 9 of February 20, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21081222~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21080815~menuPK:2137516~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

KNovak at 19:41, 1 July 2008

2008-07-01T19:41:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:41, 1 July 2008
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	'''Score = '''		'''Score = 21 '''

	''Governed by:'' Law 29 of February 1, 1996, as amended by Law 9 of February 20,2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21081222~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21080815~menuPK:2137516~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>		''Governed by:'' Law 29 of February 1, 1996, as amended by Law 9 of February 20,2006 (hereinafter referred to as “Competition Act”)<ref>Own translation of Competition Act, as available at: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21081222~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html; for secondary source analysis in English, see http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTLAWJUSTICE/EXTCOMPLEGALDB/0,,contentMDK:21080815~menuPK:2137516~pagePK:2137398~piPK:64581526~theSitePK:2137348,00.html</ref>

KNovak at 19:38, 1 July 2008

2008-07-01T19:38:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:38, 1 July 2008
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	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\|		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 8(7) of the Monopoly Decree of 1998 prohibited discriminatory pricing.<ref>http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCOMPLEGALDB/Resources/500.pdf</ref> Article 14 of the Competition Act prohibits general discriminatory practices.

	\|-		\|-

KNovak at 19:05, 1 July 2008

2008-07-01T19:05:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:05, 1 July 2008
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	\| Limits Access		\| Limits Access
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(e) prohibits “unilateral action consisting in refusing to sell or provide, to certain persons, goods or services.”		\| Article 14(5) prohibits “unilateral action consisting in refusing to sell or provide, to certain persons, goods or services.”

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Price Setting		\| Price Setting
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(b) prohibits prices setting.		\| Article 11(1) prohibits prices setting.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Discriminatory Pricing		\| Discriminatory Pricing
	\| 1		\|
	\| ~~Article 8 prohibits discriminatory pricing.~~		\|

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Resale Price Maintenance		\| Resale Price Maintenance
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(b) prohibits resale price maintenance		\| Article 14(2) prohibits resale price maintenance

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer..		\| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.

	\|}		\|}

KNovak at 19:02, 1 July 2008

2008-07-01T19:02:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:02, 1 July 2008
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	\| Efficiency		\| Efficiency
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 19-A allows for an efficiency defense if ~~restrictive effects on competition are outweighed by achievement~~ of ~~efficiencies~~.		\| Article 19 allows for an efficiency defense if the concentration would yield certain benefits like increasing the production or distribution of goods and services, promoting technical or economic progress or driving the competitive development of an industry or sector.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\| Obstacles to Entry		\| Obstacles to Entry
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(g) prohibits predatory actions taken to prevent a potential competitor from entering the market.		\| Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to prevent a potential competitor from entering the market.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~All~~ the ~~relative monopolistic practices (Articles 8 and 14) can be allowed when they are justified in terms of~~ economic efficiency.		\| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\| Price Fixing		\| Price Fixing
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 11(a) of the Act prohibits price fixing.		\| Article 11(1) of the Act prohibits price fixing.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Tying		\| Tying
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(c) prohibits tying arrangements.		\| Article 14(3) prohibits tying arrangements.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Market Division		\| Market Division
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 11(c) prohibits market division.		\| Article 11(3) prohibits market division.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Output Restraint		\| Output Restraint
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 11(b) prohibits output restraint.		\| Article 11(2) prohibits output restraint.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Market Sharing		\| Market Sharing
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(a) prohibits market sharing.		\| Article 14(1) prohibits market sharing.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Eliminating Competitors		\| Eliminating Competitors
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14(g) prohibits predatory actions taken to squeeze a competitor out of a market.		\| Article 14(7) prohibits predatory actions taken to squeeze a competitor out of a market.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging		\| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 11(d) prohibits bid rigging.		\| Article 11(4) prohibits bid rigging.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Efficiency Defense		\| Efficiency Defense
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~All~~ the ~~relative monopolistic practices (Articles 8 and 14) can be allowed when they are justified in terms of~~ economic efficiency.		\| Article 4-A allows for a defense if the act, agreement, partnership, association or contract gives rise to increased economic efficiency and is not detrimental to the consumer..

	\|}		\|}

KNovak at 18:39, 1 July 2008

2008-07-01T18:39:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:39, 1 July 2008
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	\| Merger Assessment		\| Merger Assessment
	\| Dominance		\| Dominance
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 25(2) mandates that market power and degree of concentration be taken into account when determining which concentrations shall be challenged or sanctioned.

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Efficiency		\| Efficiency
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 19-A allows for an efficiency defense if restrictive effects on competition are outweighed by achievement of efficiencies.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

KNovak at 19:40, 30 June 2008

2008-06-30T19:40:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 30 June 2008
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	\| Voluntary		\| Voluntary
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Articles~~ 20~~-25~~ allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.		\| Article 20 allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.

	\|-		\|-
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	\|		\|
	\| Pre-merger		\| Pre-merger
	\| 0		\| 2
	\|		\| Article 20 allows for voluntary notification of concentrations before realization. The Competition Authority has 3 years to challenge any realized concentrations of which it was not voluntarily notified beforehand (Article 22).

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Post-merger		\| Post-merger
	\| 1		\| 0
	\| Article 14 of an Executive Decree states that voluntary notification does not preclude companies from continuing in the concentration pending a decision by the Authority.<ref>Executive Decree 31 of September 3, 1998 on the Regulations of Title I (Monopoly) and Other Provisions of Law 29, found at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCOMPLEGALDB/resources/500.pdf</ref>		\|

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

KNovak at 19:26, 30 June 2008

2008-06-30T19:26:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 30 June 2008
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	\| 3rd Party Initiation		\| 3rd Party Initiation
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 142 gives any concerned person the capacity to file a claim.<ref>FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>		\| Article 142 gives any affected or concerned person the capacity to file a claim.

	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
	\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties		\| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 142 allows actions seeking compensation for damages.~~<ref>Id</ref>~~		\| Article 142 allows actions seeking compensation for damages.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Voluntary		\| Voluntary
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| ~~Chapter III of the Competition Act and Article 14 of the Monopoly Decree~~ allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.		\| Articles 20-25 allow for voluntary notification of concentrations.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Post-merger		\| Post-merger
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 14 of ~~the Monopoly~~ Decree states that voluntary notification does not preclude companies from continuing in the concentration pending a decision by the Authority.		\| Article 14 of an Executive Decree states that voluntary notification does not preclude companies from continuing in the concentration pending a decision by the Authority.<ref>Executive Decree 31 of September 3, 1998 on the Regulations of Title I (Monopoly) and Other Provisions of Law 29, found at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCOMPLEGALDB/resources/500.pdf</ref>

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

KNovak at 18:15, 30 June 2008

2008-06-30T18:15:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 30 June 2008
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	\| Extraterritoriality		\| Extraterritoriality
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 2 of the Competition Act states that the scope of the law extends to all acts or practices having an effect in Panama, regardless of where they develop.		\| Article 2<ref>all references are to the Competition Act unless otherwise indicated</ref> states that the scope of the law extends to all acts or practices having an effect in Panama, regardless of where they develop.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"
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	\| Fines		\| Fines
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 112 ~~allows fining~~ for various violations of the Act.<ref>FTAA report, Inventory of Domestic Laws and Regulations relating to Competition Policy in the Western Hemisphere, March 22, 2002, http://www.ftaa-alca.org/ngroups/NGCP/Publications/domlaws_e.asp</ref>		\| Article 27 allows for treble damages plus costs and Article 112 dictates fines for various violations of the Act.

	\|-		\|-
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	\| Divestitures		\| Divestitures
	\| 1		\| 1
	\| Article 26 allows ~~Commission to divest~~ improper mergers.		\| Article 26(2) allows total or partial divestitures of improper mergers.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"

KNovak at 18:08, 30 June 2008

2008-06-30T18:08:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 30 June 2008
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	\| Scope		\| Scope
	\| Extraterritoriality		\| Extraterritoriality
	\| 0		\| 1
	\|		\| Article 2 of the Competition Act states that the scope of the law extends to all acts or practices having an effect in Panama, regardless of where they develop.

	\|- class="categorydivision"		\|- class="categorydivision"