Luxembourg/EU, 2004: Difference between revisions

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'''Score = 27'''
'''Score = 27'''


''Governed by:'' Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty on European Union, and EU Regulation 1/2003, as well as national legislation.<ref>EU statutes and regulations available online from the European Competition  Network, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/ecn/documents.html</ref>
''Governed by:'' Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty on European Union [hereafter EU Treaty], and European Commission Regulations 1/2003 [hereafter "CR 1/2003"] and 139/2004 [hereafter “CR 139/2004], as well as national legislation.<ref>EU statutes and regulations available online from the European Competition  Network, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/ecn/documents.html</ref>
   
   
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 17: Line 17:
| Fines
| Fines
| 1
| 1
| Articles 13 and 19 allow for fines for serious violations of the Competition Act.
| Articles 13 and 19 of CR 1/2003 allow for fines for serious violations of the EU Competition Act.  Article 18 of Luxembourg’s Competition Act provides guidelines for fining for various offenses.


|-
|-
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| Divestitures
| Divestitures
| 1
| 1
| Article 7 of Council Regulation No. 1/2003 allows for structural remedies.
| Article 7 of CR 1/2003 allows for structural remedies.  Luxembourg’s Competition Act does not provide for divestitures.


|- class="categorydivision"
|- class="categorydivision"
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| 3rd Party Initiation
| 3rd Party Initiation
| 1
| 1
| Article 12 says that any interested party can bring a violation to the attention of the Authority.
| CR 1/2003, Article 12, says that any interested party can bring a violation to the attention of the Authority.


|-
|-
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| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties
| 1
| 1
| Article 33 allows 3rd parties to file a civil suit for damages.
| Article 9 of Luxembourg’s Competition Act says that the Council will begin inspection upon a valid complaint by somebody with a legitimate interest.
|-
|-
|  
|  
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings
| 1
| 1
| Article 27(3) of Council Regulation No. 1/2003 affords evidentiary rights to 3rd parties.  
| Article 27(3) of CR 1/2003 affords evidentiary rights to 3rd parties.  Luxembourg’s Competition Act does not specify rights for 3rd parties.


|- class="categorydivision"
|- class="categorydivision"
| Merger Notification<ref>The National Competition Authority will assess mergers under the National Competition Act. If the concentration affects trade between the Member States, the European Commission will assess the merger under Regulation 139/2004. See the coding for the European Commission for those provisions.</ref>
| Merger Notification
| Voluntary
| Voluntary
| 0
| 0
Line 58: Line 58:
|  
|  
| Mandatory
| Mandatory
| 3
| 0
| Article 7(1) of CR 139/2004 requires notification.<ref>The new merger notification guidelines implemented by Council Regulation 139/2004 give undertakings the ability to request exemption from notification requirements.  However, because a formal request must be submitted and approved in order to gain exemption, the new notification guidelines are encoded here as requiring mandatory pre-merger notification.</ref>
|
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Pre-merger
| Pre-merger
| 2
| Article 7(1) of 139/2004 requires pre-clearance.
|-
|
| Post-merger
| 0
| 0
|  
|  
Line 76: Line 69:
| Merger Assessment
| Merger Assessment
| Dominance
| Dominance
| 1
| 0
| Article 2(1) of CR 139/2004 considers dominance.
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Restriction of Competition
| Restriction of Competition
| 1
| 0
| Article 2(1) of CR 139/2004 considers the interests of intermediate and ultimate consumers.
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| Public Interest (Pro D)
| 1
| 0
| Article 2(1) of CR 139/2004 considers the development of technical and economic progress.
|  
|-
|-
|  
|  
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| Public Interest (Pro Authority)
| 1
| 0
| Article 2(1) of CR 139/2004 considers the interests of intermediate and ultimate consumers.
|  
|-
|-
Line 106: Line 99:
|  
|  
| Efficiency
| Efficiency
| 1
| 0
| Article 2(1) of CR 139/2004 allows an efficiency defense.
|  
|- class="categorydivision"
|- class="categorydivision"
| Dominance
| Dominance
| Limits Access
| Limits Access
| 1
| 1
| Article 82(b) prohibits abuse of a dominant position.
| Article 82(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits abuse of a dominant position.
|-
|-
Line 119: Line 112:
| Abusive Acts
| Abusive Acts
| 1
| 1
| Article 82 prohibits abuse of a dominant position.
| Article 82 of the EU Treaty prohibits abuse of a dominant position.


|-
|-
Line 125: Line 118:
| Price Setting
| Price Setting
| 1
| 1
| Article 82(a) prohibits price setting.  
| Article 82(a) of the EU Treaty prohibits price setting.  
   
   


Line 132: Line 125:
| Discriminatory Pricing
| Discriminatory Pricing
| 1
| 1
| Articles 81(1)(d), 82(c) prohibit discrimatory conditions.
| Articles 81(1)(d) and 82(c) of the EU Treaty, prohibit discrimatory conditions.
|-
|-
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| Resale Price Maintenance
| Resale Price Maintenance
| 1
| 1
| Article 81 prohibits minimum resale price restrictions.<ref>EC Competition Law, at 97.</ref>  
| Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits minimum resale price restrictions.<ref>EC Competition Law, at 97.</ref>  
|-
|-
Line 144: Line 137:
| Obstacles to Entry
| Obstacles to Entry
| 1
| 1
| Article 82 prohibits anti-competitive pricing schemes.<ref>Id, at 283.</ref>  
| Article 82 of the EU Treaty prohibits anti-competitive pricing schemes.<ref>Id, at 283.</ref>  
|-
|-
Line 156: Line 149:
| Price Fixing
| Price Fixing
| 1
| 1
| Articles 81(1)(a) prohibits price fixing.
| Articles 81(1)(a) of the EU Treaty prohibits price fixing.
|-
|-
Line 162: Line 155:
| Tying
| Tying
| 1  
| 1  
| Articles 81(1)(e), 82(d) prohibit tying.  
| Articles 81(1)(e) and 82(d) of the EU Treaty prohibit tying.  
|-
|-
Line 168: Line 161:
| Market Division
| Market Division
| 1
| 1
| Article 81 prohibits customer allocation clauses.<ref>Id, at 97.</ref>
| Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits customer allocation clauses.<ref>Id, at 97.</ref>
|-
|-
Line 174: Line 167:
| Output Restraint
| Output Restraint
| 1  
| 1  
| Article 81(1)(b) prohibits limiting production.  
| Article 81(1)(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits limiting production.  
   
   
Line 181: Line 174:
| Market Sharing
| Market Sharing
| 1
| 1
| Article 81(1)(c) prohibits market sharing.  
| Article 81(1)(c) of the EU Treaty prohibits market sharing.  
|-
|-
Line 187: Line 180:
| Eliminating Competitors
| Eliminating Competitors
| 1
| 1
| Article 81(1) prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.
| Article 81(1) of the EU Treaty prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.
|-
|-
Line 193: Line 186:
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging
| 1
| 1
| Article 81 prohibits bid-rigging.
| Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits bid-rigging.
|-
|-
Line 199: Line 192:
| Supply Refusal
| Supply Refusal
| 1
| 1
| Article 81(1)(b) prohibits supply refusal.
| Article 81(1)(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits supply refusal.
|-
|-
Line 205: Line 198:
| Efficiency Defense
| Efficiency Defense
| 1
| 1
| Article 81(3) allows an efficiency defense.
| Article 81(3) of the EU Treaty allows an efficiency defense.
|}
|}

Revision as of 20:18, 16 August 2008

Score = 27

Governed by: Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty on European Union [hereafter EU Treaty], and European Commission Regulations 1/2003 [hereafter "CR 1/2003"] and 139/2004 [hereafter “CR 139/2004], as well as national legislation.[1]

Category Subcategory Score Comment
Scope Extraterritoriality 1 Scope extends to foreign corporations.[2]
Remedies Fines 1 Articles 13 and 19 of CR 1/2003 allow for fines for serious violations of the EU Competition Act. Article 18 of Luxembourg’s Competition Act provides guidelines for fining for various offenses.
Prison Sentences 0
Divestitures 1 Article 7 of CR 1/2003 allows for structural remedies. Luxembourg’s Competition Act does not provide for divestitures.
Private Enforcement 3rd Party Initiation 1 CR 1/2003, Article 12, says that any interested party can bring a violation to the attention of the Authority.
Remedies Available to 3rd Parties 1 Article 9 of Luxembourg’s Competition Act says that the Council will begin inspection upon a valid complaint by somebody with a legitimate interest.
3rd Party Rights in Proceedings 1 Article 27(3) of CR 1/2003 affords evidentiary rights to 3rd parties. Luxembourg’s Competition Act does not specify rights for 3rd parties.
Merger Notification Voluntary 0
Mandatory 0
Pre-merger 0
Merger Assessment Dominance 0
Restriction of Competition 0
Public Interest (Pro D) 0
Public Interest (Pro Authority) 0
Other 0
Efficiency 0
Dominance Limits Access 1 Article 82(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits abuse of a dominant position.
Abusive Acts 1 Article 82 of the EU Treaty prohibits abuse of a dominant position.
Price Setting 1 Article 82(a) of the EU Treaty prohibits price setting.


Discriminatory Pricing 1 Articles 81(1)(d) and 82(c) of the EU Treaty, prohibit discrimatory conditions.
Resale Price Maintenance 1 Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits minimum resale price restrictions.[3]
Obstacles to Entry 1 Article 82 of the EU Treaty prohibits anti-competitive pricing schemes.[4]
Efficiency Defense 0
Restrictive Trade Practices Price Fixing 1 Articles 81(1)(a) of the EU Treaty prohibits price fixing.
Tying 1 Articles 81(1)(e) and 82(d) of the EU Treaty prohibit tying.
Market Division 1 Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits customer allocation clauses.[5]
Output Restraint 1 Article 81(1)(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits limiting production.


Market Sharing 1 Article 81(1)(c) of the EU Treaty prohibits market sharing.
Eliminating Competitors 1 Article 81(1) of the EU Treaty prohibits agreements that have the purpose or effect of eliminating competition.
Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging 1 Article 81 of the EU Treaty prohibits bid-rigging.
Supply Refusal 1 Article 81(1)(b) of the EU Treaty prohibits supply refusal.
Efficiency Defense 1 Article 81(3) of the EU Treaty allows an efficiency defense.

References

  1. ↑ EU statutes and regulations available online from the European Competition Network, at http://ec.europa.eu/comm/competition/ecn/documents.html
  2. ↑ Goyder, D. G., EC Competition Law, 4th ed. 2003, at 99.
  3. ↑ EC Competition Law, at 97.
  4. ↑ Id, at 283.
  5. ↑ Id, at 97.
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