Pakistan (1970)

Score = 14

Governed by: Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices (Control and Prevention) Ordinance No. V of 1970.

Category	Subcategory	Score	Comment
Scope	Extraterritoriality	0
Remedies	Fines	1	Article 19 says that the Authority can issue fines.
	Prison Sentences	0
	Divestitures	1	Article 12(1)(b) allows divestitures in cases of unreasonable monopoly power.
Private Enforcement	3rd Party Initiation	0
	Remedies Available to 3rd Parties	0
	3rd Party Rights in Proceedings	0
Merger Notification	Voluntary	0
	Mandatory	3	Article 16(1)(i) requires registration of mergers concerning dominant companies.
	Pre-merger	0
	Post-merger	1	“[Merger] registration must be submitted within 10 days under Rule 10, MCA Rules, 1971"
Merger Assessment	Dominance	1	Article 5(b) prohibits mergers that will result in an unreasonable concentration of market power.
	Restriction of Competition	1	Article 5(b) says that such mergers will be prohibited if it will substantially lessen competition.
	Public Interest (Pro D)	0
	Public Interest (Pro Authority)	0
	Other	0
	Efficiency	1	Article 5(2) says that otherwise impermissible mergers can be allowed when their benefits of efficiency outweigh the adverse effects on competition.
Dominance	Limits Access	0
	Abusive Acts	0
	Price Setting	0
	Discriminatory Pricing	0
	Resale Price Maintenance	1	Article 6(b) prohibits resale price maintenance.
	Obstacles to Entry	0
	Efficiency Defense	0
Restrictive Trade Practices	Price Fixing	1	Article 6(a)(i) prohibits price fixing.
	Tying	1	Article 6(c) prohibits tying arrangements.
	Market Division	1	Article 6(a)(ii) prohibits market division.
	Output Restraint	1	Article 6(a)(iii) prohibits limiting production of goods.
	Market Sharing	1	Article 6(a)(ii) prohibits market sharing.
	Eliminating Competitors	0
	Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging	0
	Supply Refusal	1	Article 6(a)(v) prohibits group boycotts.
	Efficiency Defense	1	Article 6(2) provides an efficiency defense for the Article 6 prohibitions.