France, 1986
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1986 saw the passage of a major competition law, Ordinance No. 86-1243 of December 1, 1986.[1] This replaced Ordinnance No. 45-1243 of June 30, 1945 and its modifications, as well as Law No. 77-806 of 19 July 1977 (the old Merger Reg). 1986 also saw the repeal of Penal Code Art. 419 (after 176 years!)[2].
Governed by: Ordinance no. 86-1243 of 1 December 1986.
| Category | Subcategory | Score | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scope | Extraterritoriality | ||
| Remedies | Fines | ||
| Prison Sentences | |||
| Divestitures |
| ||
| Private Enforcement | 3rd Party Initiation | ||
| Remedies Available to 3rd Parties | |||
| 3rd Party Rights in Proceedings | |||
| Merger Notification | |||
| Mandatory | |||
| Pre-merger | |||
| Post-merger | |||
| Merger Assessment | Dominance | ||
| Restriction of Competition | |||
| Public Interest (Pro D) | |||
| Public Interest (Pro Authority) | 0 | ||
| Other | 0 | ||
| Efficiency | 0 | ||
| Dominance | |||
| Abusive Acts | |||
| Price Setting | |||
| Discriminatory Pricing | |||
| Resale Price Maintenance | |||
| Obstacles to Entry | |||
| Efficiency Defense | |||
| Restrictive Trade Practices | Price Fixing | ||
| Tying | |||
| Market Division | |||
| Output Restraint | |||
| Market Sharing | |||
| Eliminating Competitors | |||
| Collusive Tendering/Bid-Rigging | |||
| Supply Refusal | |||
| Efficiency Defense |